Abstract
Objective: The mechanism by which pacing terminates ventricular tachycardia (VT) may depend on the location of the pacing site relative to the reentry circuit. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanisms by which pacing terminates VT at left ventricular (LV) sites with and without concealed entrainment (CE) in patients with prior myocardial infarction.
Methods and Results: LV mapping was performed in 29 patients (26 men, 3 women, mean age 67±11 years, ejection fraction 0.28±0.11) with 55 hemodynamically-tolerated VTs (mean cycle length 478±92 msec). A total of 408 pacing trains were delivered at 102 sites with CE. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was successful in 41 of 55 VT's. At sites with concealed entrainment, VT was terminated by pacing at 17/41 (41%) successful and at 4/61 (7%) unsuccessful ablation sites (p<0.01). Termination without global ventricular capture was the most frequent termination mode (10/21), followed by termination with orthodromic (4/21) and non-orthodromic capture (7/21).
Conclusion: In patients with prior myocardial infarction, pacing at sites of CE during VT usually terminates VT either without global capture or by orthodromic capture. Termination of VT by pacing without global capture or with orthodromic capture at sites of CE suggests that the site is within a critical area of the reentry circuit.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bogun F, Bahu M, Knight B, et al. Comparison of effective and ineffective target sites that demonstrate concealed entrainment in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1997; 95: 183–190.
Morady F, Kadish A, Rosenheck S, et al. Concealed entrainment as a guide for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with prior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 678–689.
Shenasa M, Cardinal R, Kus T, Savard P, Fromer M, Page P. Termination of sustained ventricular tachycardia by ultrarapid subthreshold stimulation in humans. Circulation 1988; 78: 1135–1143.
Bogun F, Knight B, Goyal R, Strickberger SA, Hohnloser SH, Morady F. Clinical value of the postpacing interval for mapping of ventricular tachycardia in patients with prior myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1999; 10: 43–51.
Hummel D, Strickberger S, Daoud E, et al. Results and efficency of programmed ventricular stimulation with four extrastimuli compared with one, two, and three extrastimuli. Circulation 1994; 90: 2827–2823.
Stevenson W, Khan H, Sager P, et al. Identification of reentry circuit sites during mapping and radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia late after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 88: 1647–1670.
Podczeck A, Borggrefe M, Martinez-Rubio A, Breithardt G. Termination of reentrant ventricular tachycardia by subthreshold stimulus applied to the zone of slow conduction. Eur Heart J 1988; 9: 1146–1150.
Ruffy R. Termination of ventricular tachycardia by nonpropagated local depolarization: further observations on entrainment of ventricular tachycardia from an area of slow conduction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1990; 13: 852–858.
Shenasa M, Fromer M, Borggrefe M, Breithardt G. Subthreshold electrical stimulation for termination and prevention of reentrant tachycardias. J Electrocardiol 1992; 24: 25–31.
Skale BT, Kallok MJ, Prystowsky EN, Gill RM, Zipes DP. Inhibition of premature ventricular extrastimuli by subthreshold conditioning stimuli. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 6:133–140.
Windle JR, Miles WM, Zipes DP, Prystowsky EN. Subthreshold conditioning stimuli prolong human ventricular refractoriness. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 381–386.
Haberl K, Allessie M. Differential effects of a segment of slow conduction on reentrant ventricular tachycardia in the rabbit heart. Circulation 1999; 99: 949–962.
Stevenson W, Nademanee K, Weiss J, et al. Programmed electrical stimulation at potential ventricular reentry circuit sites. Circulation 1989; 80: 793–806.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bogun, F., Hohnloser, S.H., Bender, B. et al. Mechanism of Ventricular Tachycardia Termination by Pacing at Left Ventricular Sites in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 6, 35–41 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014172122524
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014172122524