Abstract
The plant pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 was chromosomally tagged with gfp, and the transformant, which was subjected to Southern hybridization showed the presence of gfp in the chromosome. The virulence-related gene of the transformant was not affected by the insertion of gfp. After inoculation into cabbage plants, the infection process was visually studied in planta. Using a fluorescence microscope, the migration and distribution of gfp-labelled bacteria was visualized in real time. As the gfp-labelled cells were easily visualized from the beginning of infection, we observed a time delay of 2 days between distribution of the Xanthomonas cells in cabbage plant and the appearance of visible necrosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersen, J.B., Sternberg, C., Poulsen, L.K., Bjørn, S.P., Givskov, M. & Molin, S. 1998 New unstable variants of green fluorescent protein for studies of transient gene expression in bacteria. Applied and Environmental and Microbiology 64, 2240–2246.
Becker, A., Katzen, F., Puhler, A. & Ielpi, L. 1998 Xanthan gum biosynthesis and application: a biochemical/genetic perspective. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 50, 145–152.
Chalfie, M., Tu, Y., Euskirchen, G., Ward, W.W. & Prasher, D.C. 1994 Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science 263, 802–805.
Cubitt, A.B., Heim, R., Adams, S.R., Boyd, A.E., Gross, L.A. & Tsien, R.Y. 1995 Understanding, improving and using green fluorescent proteins. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 20, 448–455.
Delagrave, S., Hawtin, R.E., Silva, C.M., Yang, M.M. & Youvan, D.C. 1995 Red-shifted excitation mutants of the green fluorescent protein. Bio/Technology 13, 151–154.
Fukui, R., Fukui, H. & Alvarez, A.M. 1999 Suppression of bacterial blight by a bacterial community isolated from the guttation fluids of anthuriums. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 1020–1028.
Katzen, F., Ferreiro, D.U., Oddo, C.G., Ielmini, M.V., Becker, A., Pühler, A. & Ielpi, L. 1998 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris gum mutants: effects on xanthan biosynthesis and plant virulence. Journal of Bacteriology 180, 1607–1617.
Prasher, D.C., Eckenrode, V.K., Ward, W.W., Prendergast, F.G. & Cormier, M.J. 1992 Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein. Gene 111, 229–233.
Rukayadi, Y., Suwanto, A., Tjahjono, B. & Harling, R. 2000 Survival and epiphytic fitness of a nonpathogenic mutant of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Glycines. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, 1183–1189.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 0-87969-577-3.
So, J.-S., Hodgson, A.L.M., Haugland, R., Leavitt, M., Banfalvi, Z., Nieuwkoop, A.J. & Stacey, G. 1987 Transposon-induced symbiotic mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum: isolation of two gene regions essential for nodulation. Molecular and General Genetics 207, 15–23.
Stearns, T. 1995 The green revolution: green fluorescent protein allows gene expression and protein localization to be observed in living cells. Current Biology 5, 262–264.
Szécsi, J., Ding, X.S., Lim, C.O., Bendahmane, M., Cho, M.J., Nelson, R.S. & Beachy, R.N. 1999 Development of tobacco mosaic virus infection sites in Nicotiana benthamlana. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 12, 143–152.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
So, JS., Lim, H.T., Oh, ET. et al. Visualizing the infection process of Xanthomonas campestris in cabbage using green fluorescent protein. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 18, 17–21 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013925428500
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013925428500