Abstract
Flower induction from shoot segments of buckwheat seedlings was examinedin vitro. Cytokinin, (especially kinetin at 0.1μM), short day conditions and a high concentration ofsolidifying agent improved the flower induction from node segments invitro, in up to about 50% of node segments. The use of anaeration membrane on bottle caps and a high content of sucrose in the mediumimproved flower induction in vitro considerably. In theimproved conditions, flowers were induced from 100% cultures and 10bloomed flowers per explant were induced in vitro in 8weeks. Both long and short types of stigmas, and normal set of flowers wereobserved under the microscope. When pollen produced invitro was cultured on an artificial medium, 70% of the pollengrains germinated, indicating normal viability of in vitropollen, and indicating the potential for artificial pollination invitro. All the varieties examined flowered at a similar percentage,suggesting that the process was independent of variety and that flowers couldbeproduced in vitro. Flower induction from buckwheat plantsin vitro and possible cross breeding invitro are also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhikari K.N. and Campbell C.G. 1998. In vitro germination and viability of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) pollen. Euphytica. 102: 87–92.
Al-Khayri J.M., Huang F.H. and Morelock T.E. 1991. In vitro flowering in regenerated shoots of spinach. Hortscience 26: 1422.
Al-Warch H., Trolinder N.L. and Goodin J.R. 1989. In vitro flowering of potato. Hortscience 24: 827–829.
Bernier G. 1981. The physiology of flowering. In: Transition to Reproductive Growth. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1–149.
Castano C.I. and De Proft M.P. 1996. Seed set in Cichorium intybus L. by pollination of flowers developedin vitro. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 46: 211–218.
Chailakhyan M.K.H. 1945. Flowering in different plant species as a response to nitrogenous food. Compt Rrend (Dokl.). Acad. Sci. USSR 47: 146–149.
Gribble K. 1999. The influence of relative humidity on vitrification, growth and morphology of Gypsophila paniculata L. Plant Growth Regulation 27: 179–188.
Harada H. 1966. Effects of photoperiod on the formation of flower buds by flower stalk sections of Cichorium intybus in tissue culture. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 79: 119–123.
Higgins R.K. and Petolino J.F. 1988. In vitro pollination fertilisation of maize. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 12: 21–30.
Hillman W.S. and Posner H.B. 1971. Ammonium ion and the flowering of Lemma perpusilla. Plant Physiol 47: 586–587.
Hilson T.D. and LaMotte C.E. 1977. In vitro formation and development of flower buds on tobacco stem explants. Plant Physiol. 60: 881–884.
Hisajima S. 1987. Induction of ears from maize seeds in vitro and plant regeneration from ovaries of unfertilised ears. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51: 582–584.
Hisajima S., Arai Y. and Ishizuka K. 1986. Microplant propagation through multiple shoot formation from seeds, embryos and excised single shoots. Proceedings of 5th SABRAO Congress 1986: 123–136.
Holm P.B., Knudsen S., Mouritzen P., Negri D., Olsen F.L. and Roue C. 1993. Regeneration of the barley zygote in ovule culture. Sex Plant Reprod. 6: 52–56.
Ishioka N., Tanimoto S. and Harada H. 1991. Roles of Nitrogen and Carbohydrate in Flower-bud Formation in Pharbilis Apex cultures. J. Plant Physiol. 138: 573–576.
Kachonpadungkitti Y. 1992. Life cycle of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plant in vitro. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 56: 543–546.
Lardon A., Triboi-Blondel A.M. and Dumas C. 1995. A model for studying pollination and pod development in Brassica napus. Sex Plant Reprod. 8: 49–59.
Metzger J.D. 1988. Hormones and reproductive development. In: Davies P.J. (ed.), Plant Hormones. 2nd edn. Kluwer academic publishers, Netherlands, pp. 617–648.
Nitsch J.P. 1951. Growth and development in vitro of excised ovaries. Amer. Jour. Bot. 38: 566–577.
Romchatngoen S. 1998. Micropropagation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) in vitro. J. Soc. High Tech. Agric. 10: 231–236.
Simmonds J. 1982. In vitro flowering on leaf explants of Streptocarpus nobilis. The influence of culture medium component on vegetative and reproductive development. Can. Jour. Bot. 60: 1461–1468.
Tang A.F., Cappadocia M. and Byrne D. 1983. In vitro flowering in cassava(Manibot esculenta Crantz). Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cult. 2: 199–206.
Tanimoto S. and Harada H. 1979. Influence of environmental and physiological conditions on flower but formation of Toreniastem segments culture in vitro. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 95: 33–41.
Tanimoto S. and Harada H. 1981a. Chemical factors controlling flower bud formation of Torenia stem segments cultured in vitro, Effects of mineral nutrients and sugars. Plant Cell Physiol. 22: 541–553.
Tanimoto S. and Harada H. 1981b. Effects of IAA, zeatin, ammonium nitrate and sucrose on the initiation and development of flower buds in Torenia stem segments cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Physiol. 22: 1553–1560.
Tisserat B. and Galletta P.D. 1988. In vitro flowering in Amaranthus. Hortscience 23: 210–212.
Tisserat B. and Galletta P.D. 1993. Production of cucumber fruits from the culture of 'Marketmore-76' plantlet. Plant Cell Report. 13: 37–40.
Wada K. and Totsuka T. 1982. Long-day flowering of Perilla plants culture in nitrogen-poor media. Plant Cell Physiol. 23: 977–985.
Wardell W.L. and Skoog F. 1969. Flower formation in excised tobacco stem segment I Methodology and effects of plant hormones. Plant Physiol. 44: 1402–1406.
Yoshikawa T. and Furuya T. 1983. Regeneration and in vitro of plant derived from callus cultures of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Experientia. 39: 1031–1033.
Zeevaart J.A.D. 1983. Gibberellins and flowering. In: Crozier A. (ed.), The Biochemistry and Physiology of Gibberellins. Praeger, Newyork, pp. 333–374.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kachonpadungkitti, Y., Romchatngoen, S., Hasegawa, K. et al. Efficient flower induction from cultured buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) node segments in vitro . Plant Growth Regulation 35, 37–45 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013818328619
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013818328619