Abstract
Higher accumulation of toxic heavy metals in rice grown in contaminated soils may lead to health disorder in humans in tropical countries as rice is a staple diet. A pot experiment was conducted in a growth chamber to investigate the effect of flooding and non-flooding conditions in three soils added with4% organic matter on the concentration and uptake of Cd, Ni and Zn by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). In flooding condition, the level of standing water was at a height of 2.5 ± 0.5 cm above the soil surface and in non-flooded culture80 ± 5% of water holding capacity was maintained. Flooding condition significantly(p < 0.05) reduced the concentration and uptake of Cd, Ni and Zn in rice grown in all three soils. The overall reduction of metal concentration in shoot at vegetative stage, and straw and polished rice at maturity, under flooding conditions was 84, 89, and 79% for Cd; 21,63and 65% for Ni; and 52, 78 and 16% for Zn, respectively. Organic matter addition significantly reduced the Ni concentration in plant parts but no such reduction was seen for Cd and Zn. Accumulation index of Cd and Zn was 82and 55% higher than that of Ni in the plant and the index of all three metals was higher in the tannery soil than the other two soils. Polished rice contained significantly lower amounts of Cd, Ni and Zn than shoot and straw. Cadmium and Ni uptake in polished rice was > 20% of the total uptake and thus it may be a concern for human health.
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Kashem, M., Singh, B. Metal availability in contaminated soils: II. Uptake of Cd, Ni and Zn in rice plants grown under flooded culture with organic matter addition. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 61, 257–266 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013724521349
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013724521349