Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New Insights in the Pathology of Sudden Coronary Death

  • Published:
Cardiac Electrophysiology Review

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Demirovic J, Myerburg RJ. Epidemiology of sudden coronary death: An overview. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1994;37:39-48.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Farb A, Tang AL, Burke AP, Sessums L, Liang Y, Virmani R. Sudden coronary death. Frequency of active coronary lesions, inactive coronary lesions, and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;92:1701-1709.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, Schwartz SM. Lessons from sudden coronary death: A comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1262-1275.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Davies MJ. Anatomic features in victims of sudden coronary death. Coronary artery pathology. Circulation 1992;85:I19-I24.

    Google Scholar 

  5. van der Wal AC, Becker AE, van der Loos CM, Das PK. Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology. Circulation 1994;89:36-44.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Farb A, Burke AP, Tang AL, Liang TY, Mannan P, Smialek J, Virmani R. Coronary plaque erosion without rupture into a lipid core. A frequent cause of coronary thrombosis in sudden coronary death. Circulation 1996;93:1354-1363.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang YH, Smialek J, Virmani R. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1276-1282.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH, Lasky T. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. N Engl J Med 1984;311:874-877.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang Y, Smialek JE, Virmani R. Plaque rupture and sudden death related to exertion in men with coronary artery disease. JAMA 1999;281:921-926.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, Rosner B, Fuchs C, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1769-1775.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Krueger DE, Ellenberg SS, Bloom S, Calkins BM, Jacyna R, Nolan DC, Phillips R, Rios JC, Sobieski R, Shekelle RB, Spector KM, Stadel BV, Stolley PD, Terris M. Risk factors for fatal heart attack in young women. Am J Epidemiol 1981;113:357-370.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang Y, Smialek J, Virmani R. Effect of risk factors on the mechanism of acute thrombosis and sudden coronary death in women. Circulation 1998;97:2110-2116.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom G, Virmani R. Effect of menopause on plaque morphologic characteristics in coronary atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 2001;141:S58-S62.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Takeichi S, Yukawa N, Nakajima Y, Osama M, Saito T, Seto Y, Nakano T, Saniabadi AR, Adachi M, Wang T, Nakajima K. Association of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants with coronary atherosclerosis in cases of sudden cardiac death. Atherosclerosis 1999;142:309-315.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mack WJ, Krauss RM, Hodis HN. Lipoprotein subclasses in the monitored atherosclerosis regression study (MARS): Treatment effects and relation to coronary angiographic progression. Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:697-704.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Azen SP, Mack WJ, Cashin-Hemphill L, LaBree L, Shircore AM, Selzer RH, Blankenhorn DH, Hodis HN. Progression of coronary artery disease predicts clinical coronary events. Long-term follow-up from the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study. Circulation 1996;93:34-41.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rumberger JA, Simons DB, Fitzpatrick LA, Sheedy PF, Schwartz RS. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study. Circulation 1995;92:2157-2162.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sangiorgi G, Rumberger JA, Severson A, Edwards WD, Gregoire J, Fitzpatrick LA, Schwartz RS. Arterial calcification and not lumen stenosis is highly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque burden in humans: A histologic study of 723 coronary artery segments using nondecalcifying methodology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:126-133.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Burke AP, Taylor A, Farb A, Malcom GT, Virmani R. Coronary calcification: Insights from sudden coronary death victims. Z Kardiol 2000;89(Suppl 2):49-53.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Huang H, Virmani R, Younis H, Burke AP, Kamm RD, Lee RT. The impact of calcification on the biomechanical stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation 2001;103:1051-1056.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Taylor AJ, Burke AP, O'Malley PG, Farb A, Malcom GT, Smialek J, Virmani R. A comparison of the Framingham risk index, coronary artery calcification, and culprit plaque morphology in sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2000;101:1243-1248.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, Weber DK, Malcom GT, Smialek J, Virmani R. Healed plaque ruptures and sudden coronary death: Evidence that subclinical rupture has a role in plaque progression. Circulation 2001;103:934-940.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Farb A, Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, et al. Coronary plaque progression: Evidence for the role of repetitive plaque ruptures and erosions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:393A.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lee RT, Libby P. The unstable atheroma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:1859-1867.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Galis ZS, Sukhova GK, Libby P. Microscopic localization of active proteases by in situ zymography: Detection of matrix metalloproteinase activity in vascular tissue. Faseb J 1995;9:974-980.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Henney AM, Wakeley PR, Davies MJ, Foster K, Hembry R, Murphy G, Humphries S. Localization of stromelysin gene expression in atherosclerotic plaques by in situ hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:8154-8158.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lee RT, Schoen FJ, Loree HM, Lark MW, Libby P. Circumferential stress and matrix metalloproteinase 1 in human coronary atherosclerosis. Implications for plaque rupture. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:1070-1073.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Pasterkamp G, Schoneveld AH, van der Wal AC, Hijnen DJ, van Wolveren WJ, Plomp S, Teepen HL, Borst C. Inflammation of the atherosclerotic cap and shoulder of the plaque is a common and locally observed feature in unruptured plaques of femoral and coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:54-58.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Falk E. Progressive atherosclerosis: Why do plaques rupture. Circulation 1992;86(Suppl III):III-30-III-42.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bauriedel G, Hutter R, Welsch U, Bach R, Sievert H, Luderitz B. Role of smooth muscle cell death in advanced coronary primary lesions: Implications for plaque instability. Cardiovasc Res 1999;41:480-488.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kolodgie FD, Narula J, Burke AP, Haider N, Farb A, Hui-Liang Y, Smialek J, Virmani R. Localization of apoptotic macrophages at the site of plaque rupture in sudden coronary death. Am J Pathol 2000;157:1259-1268.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Mallat Z, Hugel B, Ohan J, Leseche G, Freyssinet JM, Tedgui A. Shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential in human atherosclerotic plaques: A role for apoptosis in plaque thrombogenicity. Circulation 1999;99:348-353.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC

    Andrew Farb, Allen P. Burke, Frank D. Kolodgie & Renu Virmani

Authors
  1. Andrew Farb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Allen P. Burke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Frank D. Kolodgie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Renu Virmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Farb, A., Burke, A.P., Kolodgie, F.D. et al. New Insights in the Pathology of Sudden Coronary Death. Card Electrophysiol Rev 5, 373–378 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013297914942

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013297914942

Search

Navigation