Bioactive glass granules and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane in the repair of bone defects adjacent to titanium and bioactive glass implants

Abstract

An experimental animal model was used to investigate the effect of bioactive glass (BG) granules and nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane on the repair of cortical bone defects adjacent to titanium and BG implants. Thirty-two Astra® (diameter 3.5 mm) dental implants were inserted bicortically and 42 conical BG implants (diameter 2.5–3.0 mm) monocortically, into fitted holes of rabbit tibia. Before implantation, a standardized bone defect was created by drilling an extra hole (diameter 3.0 mm) adjacent to each implant site. Twenty-eight defects were filled with BG granules (diameter 630–800 μm) (BG group) and 28 defects were left empty but covered with PTFE membrane (PTFE group). No material was used in 18 control defects (control group). Morphometrical evaluation with a digital image analysis system was used to measure bone repair as percentages of the defect area on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy pictures. Bone–implant contact was measured as percentages of the thickness of the cortical bone. At 6 and 12 wk, bone repair in defects in connection with titanium implants was 23.2% and 36.6% in the BG group, 23.2% and 32.4% in the PTFE group, and 47.2% and 46.2% in control defects. Corresponding figures for BG implants were 33.2% and 40.1% in the BG group, 16.6% and 33.5% in the PTFE group, and 25.7% and 54.9% in control defects, BG granules and new bone together filled 82.7% and 68.5% of the defect area adjacent to titanium implants, and 75.9% and 74.4% of the defect adjacent to BG implants at 6 and 12 wk, respectively. Better bone–implant contact was achieved at the defect side with BG than titanium implants (77.0% versus 45.0% at 12 wk). The results indicate that BG granules are useful in treatment of bone defects adjacent to dental implants. BG coating of the implant seems to improve osseointegration in the defect area.