Abstract
This review begins with a brief history of early studies on the involvement of lipids in certain bacteriorhodopsin (BR) properties. Such properties include the regulation of the pK for the purple to blue transition caused by deionization, and the reformation of trimers from monomers after exposure of the purple membrane to Triton X-100. Most of the review is devoted to newer studies which indicate an important role for the neutral lipid squalene in the functional stability of the fast-decaying M-intermediate, for its decay through a pathway involving the O-intermediate, and for the regulation of the relative amounts of slow-decaying and fast-decaying forms of M. Participation of a peripheral acidic amino acid in the overall expression of fast-decaying M is also discussed. Initial studies suggest that the acidic amino acid may be Asp36 and/or Asp38.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Lind, C., Hojeberg, B., and Khorana, H. G. (1981) J. Biol. Chem., 256, 8298–8305.
Szundi, I., and Stoeckenius, W. (1988) Biophys. J., 54, 227–232.
Rigaud, J.-L., Paternostre, M.-T., and Bluzat, A. (1988) Biochemistry, 27, 2677–2688.
Dencher, N. A., and Heyn, M. P. (1979) FEBS Lett., 108, 307–310.
Metz, G., Siebert, F., and Engelhard, M. (1992) FEBS Lett., 303, 237–241.
Subramaniam, S., Marti, T., and Khorana, H. G. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 1013–1017.
Cherry, R. J., Muller, U., Henderson, R., and Heyn, M. P. (1978) J. Mol. Biol., 121, 283–298.
Steinberg, B., L. Hostis, C., Whiteway, C. A., and Watts, A. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1108, 21–30.
Ohno, K., Takeuchi, Y., and Yoshida, M. (1981) Photochem. Photobiol., 33, 573–578.
Hendler, R. W., Danschazy, Zs., Bose, S., Shrager, R. I., and Tokaji, Zs. (1994) Biochemistry, 33, 4604–4610.
Eisfeld, W., Pusch, C., Diller, R., Lohrmann, R., and Stockberger, M. (1993) Biochemistry, 32, 7196–7215.
Luchian, T., Tokaji, Zs., and Dancshazy, Zs. (1996) FEBS Lett., 386, 55–59.
Shrager, R. I., Hendler, R. W., and Bose, S. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem., 229, 589–595.
Varo, G., Needelman, R., and Lanyi, J. K. (1996) Biophys. J., 70, 461–467.
Ovchinnikov, Y. A., Abdulaev, N. G., Feigina, M. Y., Kiselev, A. V., Lobanov, N. A., and Nazimov, I. V. (1978) Bioorg. Khim., 4, 1573–1574.
Khorana, H. G., Gerber, G. E., Herlihy, W. C., Gray, C. P., Anderegg, R. J., Nieei, K., and Bieman, K. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 5046–5050.
Mukhopadhyay, A. K., Bose, S., and Hendler, R. W. (1994) Biochemistry, 33, 10889–10896.
Kates, M. (1986) in Techniques of Lipidology: Isolation, Analysis, and Identification of Lipids, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam-New York.
Dracheva, S., Bose, S., and Hendler, R. W. (1996) FEBS Lett., 382, 209–212.
Corcelli, A., Colella, M., Mascolo, G., Francesco, P. F., and Kates, M. (2000) Biochemistry, 39, 3319–3326.
Mukhopadhyay, A. K., Dracheva, S., Bose, S., and Hendler, R. W. (1996) Biochemistry, 28, 9245–9252.
Barnett, S. M., Dracheva, S., Hendler, R. W., and Levin, I. W. (1996) Biochemistry, 35, 4558–4567.
Joshi, M. K., Dracheva, S., Mukhopadhyay, A. K., Bose, S., and Hendler, R. W. (1998) Biochemistry, 37, 14463–14470.
Weik, M., Patzelt, H., Zaccai, G., and Oesterhelt, D. (1998) Mol. Cell, 1, 404–415.
Bose, S., Mukhopadhyay, A. K., Dracheva, S., and Hendler, R. W. (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 10584–10587.
Sass, H. J., Büldt, G., Gessenich, R., Hehn, D., Neff, D., Schlesinger, R., Berendzen, J., and Ormos, P. (2000) Nature, 406, 649–653.
Brown, L. S., Needleman, R., and Lanyi, J. K. (1999) Biochemistry, 38, 6855–6861.
Riesle, J., Osterhelt, D., Dencher, N., and Heberle, J. (1996) Biochemistry, 35, 6635–6643.
Hendler, R. W., Shrager, R. I., and Bose, S. (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 3319–3328.
Luecke, H., Schobert, B., Richter, H.-T., Cartailler, J.-P., and Lanyi, J. K. (1999) J. Mol. Biol., 291, 899–911.
Brown, L. S. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1460, 49–59.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hendler, R.W., Dracheva, S. Importance of Lipids for Bacteriorhodopsin Structure, Photocycle, and Function. Biochemistry (Moscow) 66, 1311–1314 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013143621346
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013143621346