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Richard Owen, Morphology and Evolution

Journal of the History of Biology volume 34, pages 481–515 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

Richard Owen has been condemned by Darwinians as an anti-evolutionist and an essentialist. In recent years he has been the object of a revisionist analysis intended to uncover evolutionary elements in his scientific enterprise. In this paper I will examine Owen's evolutionary hypothesis and its connections with von Baer's idea of divergent development. To give appropriate importance to Owen's evolutionism is the first condition to develop an up-to-date understanding of his scientific enterprise, that is to disentagle Owen's contribution to the modernization of typology and morphology. I will argue that Owen's Platonic essentialism is rhetorical and incongruous. On the contrary, an interpretation of the archetype based on Aristotle's biological works makes possible a new conception of type, based on a homeostatic mechanism of stability. The renewal of morphology hinges on homological correspondences and a homeostatic process is also the origin of serial and special homology. I will argue that special homology shows an evolutionary orientation insofar as it is a typically inter-specific character while serial homology is determined through an elementary usage of the categories of developmental morphology.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università di Catania, Piazza Dante, 32, 95124, Catania, Italy

    Giovanni Camardi

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Camardi, G. Richard Owen, Morphology and Evolution. Journal of the History of Biology 34, 481–515 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012946930695

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012946930695

  • Aristotle
  • divergent development
  • epigenesis
  • evolution
  • homology
  • morphology
  • Owen
  • typology
  • von Baer