Skip to main content
Log in

Availability of Aged Toluene and Decane for Biodegradation in Soil

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Toluene and decane which are common volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) found in natural gas spills, have beentested for their availability to biodegradation in soil aftervarious times of aging. For this purpose, single compounds wereadded to sterile soil in three concentrations of up to 1000 ppmand aged for 0, 35, and 70 days. After aging, soils were vented,inoculated and then incubated for 31 days. Both compounds wererapidly biodegraded reaching final soil concentrations below 1 ppm, regardless of the aging time. However, some sequestration ofsmall amounts of aged chemical in soil was evident for decane (up to 0.7 ppm), especially when the compound was added in largeramounts of 1000 ppm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alef, K.: 1991, Methodenhandbuch Bodenmikrobiologie: Aktivitäten, Biomasse, Differenzierung, Ecomed Verlag, Landsberg, Germany, 284 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M.: 1995, ‘How Toxic are Toxic Chemicals in Soil?’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 2713-2717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askari, M. D. F., Maskarinec, M. P., Smith, S. M., Beam, P. M. and Travis, C. C.: 1996, ‘Effectiveness of Purge-and-Trap for Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds in Aged Soils’, Anal. Chem. 68, 3431–3433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, F. G. and Brendecke, C. M.: 1983, ‘Seepage from Oilfield Brine Disposal Ponds in Utah’, Ground Water 21, 317–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael, L. M., Smith, T. G. and Pardieck, D. L.: 1999, ‘Site-specific Sorption Values for Mixtures of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Sandy Soils’, J. Environ. Qual. 28, 888–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connaughton, D. F., Stedinger, J. R., Lion, L. W. and Shuler, M. L.: 1993, ‘Description of Time-Varying Desorption Kinetics: Release of Naphthalene from Contaminated Soils’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 2397–2403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davani, B., Ingram, J., Gardea, J. L. and Eiceman, G. A.: 1986, ‘Organic Compounds in Soils and Sediments from Unlined Waste Disposal Pits for Natural Gas Production and Processing’, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 27, 267–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. W. and Madsen, S.: 1996, ‘Factors Affecting the Biodegradation of Toluene in Soil’, Chemosphere 33, 107–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaemghami, J., Baker, R. S. and Simkins, S.: 1998, ‘Outgasing Losses of Toluene and m-xylene Evaluated by 14C-based Mass Balances for Laboratory Bioventing Simulations’, J. Soil Contam. 7, 697–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, A. D.: 1998, ‘Comparison of Sample Preparation Methods for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil Samples: Solvent Extraction vs. Vapor Partitioning’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 143–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, D. M. and Cherry, J. A.: 1989, ‘Groundwater Contamination: Pump-and Treat Remediation’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 630–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawhney, B. L., Pignatello, J. J. and Steinberg, S. M.: 1988, ‘Determination of 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) in Field Soils: Implications for Volatile Organic Compounds’, J. Environ. Qual. 17, 149–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, S. M., Pignatello, J. J. and Sawhney, B. L.: 1987, ‘Persistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in Soils: Entrapment in Intraparticle Micropores’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 1201–1208.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: 1986, Test Methods for Analysis of Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, Method 8240 (SW-846), 2nd ed., Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hans-Holger Liste.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liste, HH., Quiñones-Rivera, A. & Tang, J. Availability of Aged Toluene and Decane for Biodegradation in Soil. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 133, 227–234 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012918821842

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012918821842

Navigation