Abstract
The multiple uses of performance appraisal (PA) have been the focus of much research, often yielding conflicting findings and conclusions. This study used an untreated control group design to examine the effects of separating the developmental and evaluative PA uses (in time and by person) on employee attitudes and behavioral intentions. Results indicated no effect on employee attitudes, however, employees in the separated PA group reported they were less likely to use development in the future.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
REFERENCES
Balzer, W. K., & Sulsky, L. M. (1990). Performance appraisal effectiveness and productivity. In Psychology in Organizations: Integrating Science and Practice, edited by K. Murphy & F. Saal. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Belasco, J. A., & Stayer, R. C. (1994). Why empowerment doesn't empower: The bankruptcy of current paradigms. Business Horizons, 37, 29–41.
Bernardin, H. J., & Beatty, R. W. (1984). Performance Appraisal: Assessing Human Behavior at Work. Boston: Kent.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Blau, P. M. (1963). The Dynamics of Bureaucracy. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago.
Bonito, J. (1990). Motivating employees continuous improvement efforts-Part 3: Additional critical success factors. Productivity Management Review and APICS News, 10, 32–33.
Cleveland, J. N., Murphy, K. R., & Williams, R. E. (1989). Multiple uses of performance appraisal: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 130–135.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in Organizations: Determinants and Appraisal. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the Crisis. Cambridge: MIT Institute for Advanced Engineering Study.
DeNisi, A. S., Cafferty, T., & Meglino, B. (1984). A cognitive view of the performance appraisal process: A model and research propositions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 33, 360–396.
DeNisi, A. S., & Williams, K. J. (1988). Cognitive approaches to performance appraisal. In Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management (Vol. 6), edited by G. Ferris & K. Rowland. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Dennis, H., & Axel, H. (1991). Encouraging Employees Self-Management in Financial and Career Planning. New York, NY: The Conference Board.
Devanna, M. A., Fombrun, C. J., & Tichy, N. M. (1984). A framework for strategic human resources management. Strategic Human Resource Management, 33–51.
Drenth, P. J. D. (1984). Personnel appraisal. In P. J. D. Drenth, Hk. Thierry, P. J. Williams, & C. J. de Wolff (Eds.), Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology. Amsterdam: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finn, W. T. (1991). One on one coaching. Successful Meetings, 4, 102, 104.
Follett, M. P. (1926). The giving of orders. In H. C. Medcalf (Ed.), Scientific Foundations of Business Administration. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, Co.
Gabor, C. (1990). What is so frightening about "driving out fear"? An analysis of one organization's attempts to redesign its annual performance system. In G. N. McLean, S. R. Damme, & R. A. Swanson (Eds.), Performance Appraisal: Perspectives on a Quality Management Approach. University of Minnesota Training and Development Research Center and the American Society for Training and Development Research Committee.
Gooding, G. J. (1988). Career moves-for the employee, for the organization. Personnel, 65, 112–116.
Greenberg, J. (1986). Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 340–342.
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16, 399–432.
Greller, M. M. (1978). The nature of subordinate participation in the appraisal interview. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 646–658.
Harvey, E. L. (1995). Separating employee development from salary systems. The Human Resource Professional, 8, 3–5.
Haskell, J. R. (1993). Getting employees to take charge of their careers. Training and Development, 47, 51–54.
Jawahar, I. M., & Williams, C. R. (1997). Where all the children are above average: The performance appraisal purpose effect. Personnel Psychology, 50, 905–925.
Judge, T. A. & Ferris, G. R. (1993). Social context of performance evaluation decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 80–105.
Kanin-Lovers, J. (1990). Making performance evaluation work. Journal of Compensation and Benefits, 5, 360–362.
Kerr, S., Hill, K. D., & Broedling, L. (1986). The first-line supervisor: Phasing out or here to stay. Academy of Management Review, 11, 103–117.
Klein, H. J., Snell, S. A., & Wexley, K. N. (1987). Systems model of the performance appraisal interview process. Industrial Relations, 26, 267–280.
Latham, G. P. (1988). Human resources training and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 545–582.
Lawson, K. E. (1992). First you train, then you coach. Bottomline, 9, 34–35.
Lee, C. (1990). Smoothing out appraisal systems. HRMagazine, 35, 72–70.
Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. New York: Plenum.
Longenecker, C. O., Gioia, D. A., & Sims, H. P., Jr. (1987). Behind the mask: The politics of employee appraisal. The Academy of Management Executive, 1, 183–193.
McIntyre, R. M., Smith, D. E., & Hassett, C. E. (1984). Accuracy of performance ratings as affected by rater training and perceived purpose of rating. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 147–156.
McNerney, D. J. (1995). Improved performance appraisals: Process of elimination. HRFocus, 72, 1, 4–5.
Meyer, H. H., Kay, E., & French, J. R. P., Jr. (1965). Split roles in performance appraisal. Harvard Business Review, 43, 123–129.
Moskal, B. S. (1988). Managing in the '90's: Tomorrow's best managers: Where are they now? Industry Week, 237, 32–34.
Murphy, K. R., Balzer, W. K., Kellam, K. L., & Armstrong, J. (1984). Effect of purpose of rating on accuracy in observing teacher behavior and evaluating teacher performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 45–54.
Murphy, K. R. & Cleveland, J. N. (1995). Understanding Performance Appraisal: Social, Organizational, and Goal-Based Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Murphy, K. R., Garcia, M., Kerkar, S., Martin, C., & Balzer, W. K. (1982). Relationship between observational accuracy and accuracy in evaluating performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 320–325.
Ostroff, C. (1993). Rater perceptions, satisfaction and performance rating. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66, 345–356.
Pedhazur, E. J., & Pedhazur Schmelkin, L. (1991). Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Prince, J. B., & Lawler, E. E. (1986). Does salary discussion hurt the developmental performance appraisal? Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Decision Processes, 37, 357–375.
Shaughnessy, C., & Howell, M. (1993). Coaching and the long-distance manager. Canadian Banker, 100, 40–43.
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes. Skokie, IL: Rand-McNally.
Smither, J. W., Reilly, R. R., Millsap, R. E., Pearlman, K., & Stoffey, R. W. (1993). Applicant reactions to selection procedures. Personnel Psychology, 46, 49–76.
Taylor, M. S., Tracy, K. B., Renard, M. K., Harrison, J. K., & Carroll, S. J. (1995). Due process in performance appraisal: A quasi-experiment in procedural justice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 495–523.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley.
Wiggins, J. S. (1973). Personality and Prediction: Principles of Personality Measurement. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Williams, K. J., DeNisi, A. S., Blencoe, A. G., & Cafferty, T. P. (1985). The role of appraisal purposes: Effects of purpose on information acquisition and utilization. Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Decision Processes, 35, 314–339.
Zedeck, S., & Cascio, W. F. (1982). Performance appraisal decisions as a function of rater training and purpose of the appraisal. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 752–758.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boswell, W.R., Boudreau, J.W. Separating the Developmental and Evaluative Performance Appraisal Uses. Journal of Business and Psychology 16, 391–412 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012872907525
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012872907525