References
World Health Organization Press Release, 2000: Geneva, Switzerland
Global Burden of Disease, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Newman AB, Gottdiener JS, McBurnie MA, et al. Association of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2001; 56A: M158-M166.
Rochon PA, Anderson GM, Tu JV, et al. Use of beta-blocker therapy in older patients after acute myocardial infarction in Ontario. Can Med Assoc J 1999; 161(11): 1403-1408.
Rowe J, Kahn RL. Human aging: Usual and successful. Science 1987; 237: 143-149.
Roos NL, Havens B, Black C. Living longer but doing worse. Soc Sci Med 1993; 36: 273-282.
Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150(6): 899-913.
Mittleman MS, Ferris SH, Shulman E, et al. A family intervention to delay nursing home placement of patients with alzheimer's disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial J Am Gesiat Soc 1996; 276(21): 1725-1731.
Schulz R, Visintainer P, Williamson GM. Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of caregiving. J Gerontol 1990; 45: 181-191.
World Health Organization. International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1980
Turpie I, Strang D, Darzins P, Guyatt G. Health status assessment of the elderly. Pharmacoeconomics 1997; 5: 533-546.
Reuben DB, Valle LA, Hays RD, et al. Measuring physical function in community-dwelling older persons: A comparison of self-administered, interviewer-administered, and performance-based measures. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43(1): 17-23.
Bombardier C, Tugwell P. A methodological framework to develop and select indices for clinical trials. J Rheumatol 1982; 9(5): 753-757.
Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, Patrick DL. Measuring health related quality of life. Ann Intern Med 1993; 2(118): 622-629.
Williamson J, Stokoe IH, Gray S, et al. Old people at home: Their unreported needs. Lancet 1964; 1: 1119-1120.
Evans D, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community sample of older persons: Higher than previously reported. J Am Med Assoc 1989; 262: 2551.
Inovye SK, Carpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalised elderly persons. J Am Med Assoc 1996; 275: 852-857.
Rockwood K, Cosway S, Carver D, et al. The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age Ageing 1999; 28(6): 551-556.
Breteler MMB, Claus JJ, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: The Rotterdam study. BMJ 1994; 308: 1604-1608.
Cacciatore F, Abete P, Ferrara N, et al. Congestive heart failure and cognitive impairment in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 1343-1348.
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Minimental state: A practical method forgrading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12(3): 189-198.
Tombaugh TN, McIntryre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: A comprehensive review (see comments): A review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40(9): 922-935.
Molloy DW, McIlroy WE, Guyatt GH, et al. Validity and reliability of the dysfunctional behaviour rating instrument. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991; 84(1): 103-106.
Creditor MC. Hazards of hospitalization of the elderly. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118(3): 219-223.
Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel index. Rehabilitation 1965; 14: 61-65.
Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The Timed “Up & Go”: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39(2): 142-148.
Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. Guide for Use of the Uniform Data set for Medical Rehabilitation. Buffalo NY: Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, 1986.
Blazer D. The diagnosis of depression in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1980; 28: 52-58.
Yesavage JA. Geriatric depression scale. Psychopharmacol Bull 1988; 24(4): 709-711.
Burke WJ, Houston MJ, Boust SJ, et al. Use of the geriatric depression scale in dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37(9): 856-860.
Koenig HG, Meador KG, Cohen HJ, et al. Self-rated depression scales and screening for major depression in the older hospitalized patient with medical illness. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36(8): 699-706.
Guyatt GH, Berman LB, Townsend M, et al. A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease. Thorax 1987; 1(43): 773-778.
Tugwell P, Bombardier C, Buchanan WW, et al. The MACTAR Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire-an individualized functional priority approach for assessing improvement in physical disability in clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1978; 14(3): 446-455.
Guyatt GH, Norgradi S, Halcrow S. Development and testing of a new measure of health status for clinical trials in heart failure. J Gen Intern Med 1989; 4: 101-107.
Rabins PV. Measuring quality of life in persons with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 2000; 12(Suppl 1): 47-49.
Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE. The MOS short form general health survey: Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care 1988; 26: 724-735.
Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller S. How to Score the SF-12. Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales, 3rd ed. Lincoln: Quality Metric Inc.
Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller S. A 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12): Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability. Med Care 1996; 32(3): 220-233.
Jenkinson C, Layte R, Jenkinson D, et al. A shorter form health survey: Can the SF-12 replicate results from the SF-36 in longitudinal studies? J Public Health Med 1997; 19(2): 179-186.
Stadnyk K, Calder J, Rockwood K. Testing the measurement properties of the short form-36 in a frail elderly population. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51(10): 827-835.
Rand Corporation, Ware JE. The Rand mental health inventory (1979). In: Measuring Health: AGuide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Turpie, I.D., Heckman, G. The Role of Measurement in the Health Care of the Elderly. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 15, 349–354 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012766816853
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012766816853