Abstract
The results of combined X-ray and Mössbauer studies of structure and local magnetic ordering in massive substances Fe, Fe–Ni, Fe–Mn, Fe–Ni–Mn, Fe–Pt, Fe–Co and aerosol nanoparticles produced by their evaporation in rare Ar atmosphere are discussed. This technique provides a stochiometric composition of alloys in nanoparticles. The smallest (5–8 nm) particles for all alloys containing Fe 60–65% are shown to have a bcc structure whereas with doubling a size the particles acquire a fcc structure. This is explained by the fact that by cooling the particles in the course of preparation they quickly reach a state close to the equilibrium and, according to the constitution diagram, must decompose into two phases. Such decomposition in massive alloys was never observed at temperatures below 300°C because of diffusive difficulties. It is found that as-fresh aerosol particles are covered with an X-ray amorphous oxide shell, which is displayed in the room temperature Mössbauer spectra as a superparamagnetic doublet and is transformed into sextet at lower temperatures. An availability of the oxide shell has no practical influence on the particles’ structure. The obtained Mössbauer spectra are considered with the model suggested by R.J. Weiss in 1963, on existence of two-spin states in the high-temperature fcc modification of Fe and its alloys. Both states coexist, moreover, in the Mössbauer spectra the ferromagnetic state dominates at high temperature and anti-ferromagnetic one at low temperature. The ferromagnetic state manifests itself as a remnant of the frozen magnetic ordering of the high-temperature fcc modification in the resulting bcc structure, whereas the anti-ferromagnetic state is related to some fcc fraction retained under the particles’ quenching.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abd-Elmeguid M.M. & H. Micklitz, 1989. Physica B 161, 17–21.
Abrahams S.C., L. Guttman & J.S. Kasper, 1962. Phys. Rev. 127, 2052–2055.
Acet M., H. Zähres, E.F. Wassermann & W. Pepperhoff, 1994. Phys. Rev. B 49, 6012–6017.
Acet M., E.F. Wassermann, K. Andersen, A. Murani & O. Schärpff, 1997. Europhys. Lett. 40, 93–98.
Asano H., 1969. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 27, 542–553.
Baldokhin Yu.V. & Yu.I. Petrov, 1992. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 37, 563–565.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, I.I. Morozov, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1993. Phys. Dokl. 38, 226–228.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1994a. Phys. Lett. A189, 137–139.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1994b. J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6496–6498.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1995. Phys. Dokl. 40, 491–494.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1996a. Phys. Lett. A211, 237–241.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1996b. Dokl. Phys. Chem. 147, 45–48.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1997. J. Appl. Phys. 82, 3042–3046.
Baldokhin Yu.V., P.Ya. Kolotyrkin, V.A. Makarov, Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1998a. Phase Transitions 64, 239–247.
Baldokhin Yu.V., Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1998b. BRAS Phys. 62, 919–925.
Baldokhin Yu.V., Yu.I. Petrov & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1999. In: Chuev G.N., Lakhno V.D. & Nefedov A.P. eds. Progress in the Physics of Clusters.World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 313–326.
Basinski Z.S.,W. Hume-Rothery & A.L. Sutton, 1955. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 229, 459–467.
Bauminger R, S.C. Cohen, A. Marinov, S. Oper & E. Segal, 1961. Phys. Rev. 122, 1447–1450.
Belov K.P., 1961. Magnetic transitions. Consultants Bureau, New York: p. 242 (translated from Russian ‘Magnitnye prevrashcheniia’ by Belov K.P., 1959. Fizmatgiz, Moscow: p. 259.)
Bendick W., H.H. Ettwig, F. Richter & W. Pepperhoff, 1977. Z. Metallk 68, 103–107.
Bendick W., H.H. Ettwig & W. Pepperhoff, 1979. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 10, 214–216.
Brand R.A., 1987. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 28, 398–416.
Endoh Y. & Y. Ishikawa, 1971.J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 30, 1614–1627.
Entel P., E. Hoffmann, P. Mohn, K. Schwarz & V.L. Moruzzi, 1993. Phys. Rev. B 47, 8706–8720.
Gonser U., C.J. Meechan, A.H. Muir & H. Wiedersich, 1963. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2373–2378.
Granquist C.G. & R.A. Buhrman, 1976. J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2200–2219.
Guen M.Ya. & A.V. Miller, 1983. Poverkhnost’ – Fizika, Khimiya, Mekhanika (Surf.–Phys. Chem. Mech.) 2, 150–154 (in Russian).
Guen M.Y. & Yu.I. Petrov, 1969. Uspekhi Khimii (Adv. Chem.) 38, 2249–2278 (in Russian).
Guen M.Ya., M.S. Ziskin & Yu.I. Petrov, 1959. Dok. Akad. Nauk SSSR 127, 366–368 (in Russian).
Häglund J., 1993. Phys. Rev. B 47, 566–569.
Halbauer R. & U. Gonser, 1983. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 35, 55–56.
Hayase M., M. Shiga & Y. Nakamura, 1971. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 30, 729–735.
Herr U., J. Jing, U. Birringer, U. Gonser & H. Gleiter, 1986. Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 472–474.
ISOMES'89, 1989. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Magnetoelasticity and Electronic Structure of Transition Metals, Alloys and Films (20–22 March 1989, Duisburg, Germany). Physica B 161, 1–348.
ISOMES II, 2000. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Magnetovolume Effects and Electronic Properties of Transition Metals, Alloys and Films (4–7 October 1998, Duisburg, Germany). Philos. Mag. B 20, 125–306.
Jing J., X. Yang, Y. Hsia & U. Gonser, 1990. Surf. Sci. 233, 351–354.
Johanson G.J., M.B. McGirr & D.A. Wheeler, 1970. Phys. Rev. B 1, 3208.
Jung J., M. Fricke, G. Hampel & J. Hesse, 1991. Hyperfine Interactions 68, 275–278.
Kaufmann L., E.V. Clougherty & R.J. Weiss, 1963. Acta Metall. 11, 323–335.
Keune W., R. Halbauer, U. Gonser, J. Lauer & D.L. Williamson, 1977. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 2976–2979.
Keune W., T. Ezawa, W.A.A. Macedo, U. Glos, K.P. Schletz & U. Kirschbaum, 1989. Physica B 161, 269–275.
Kisker E., E.F. Wassermann & C. Carbone, 1987. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1784–1787.
Kubaschewski O., 1982. Iron-Binary Phase Diagrams. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: p.185.
Lontsova G.A. & Yu.I. Petrov, 1988. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 303, 1407–1410 (in Russian).
Macedo W.A.A. & W. Keune, 1988. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 475–478.
Matsui M. & S. Chikazumi, 1978. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 45, 458–465.
Moruzzi V.L., P.M. Marcus, K. Schwarz & P. Mohn, 1986. Phys. Rev. B 34, 1784–1791.
Moruzzi V.L., 1990. Phys. Rev. B 41, 6939–6946.
Muraoka Y., T. Fujiwara, M. Shiga & Y. Nakamura, 1981. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 50, 3284–3291.
Murray P.J. & J.W. Linnit, 1976. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 37, 619–624.
Nakamura Y. & N. Miyata, 1967. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 23, 223–229.
Nakamura Y., M. Shiga & Y. Takeda, 1969. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 27, 1470–1474.
Nakamura Y., K. Sumiyama & M. Shiga, 1979. J. Magn. Magn. Mater 12, 127–134.
Ohno H. & M. Mekata, 1971. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 31, 102–108.
Paduani C. & E.G. da Silva, 1994. J. Magn. Magn. Mater 134, 161–166.
Papaefthymiou V., A. Kostikas, A. Simopoulos, D. Niarchos, S. Gangopadyay, G.S. Hadjipanayis, C.M. Sorensen & K.J. Klabunde, 1990. J. Appl. Phys. 67, 4487–4489.
Petrov Yu.I., 1963. Prib. Tekh. Eksp. [Instrum. Exp. Tech. (USSR)] 4, 162–164 (in Russian).
Petrov Yu.I., 1982. Physics of Small Particles. Nauka, Moscow, p. 359 (in Russian).
Petrov Yu.I., 1986. Clusters and Small Particles. Nauka, Moscow, p. 367 (in Russian).
Petrov Yu.I. & E.A. Shafranovsky, 1999. Dokl. Phys. 44, 605–609.
Petrov Yu.I. & E.A. Shafranovsky, 2000. BRAS Phys. 64(8), 1238–1246.
Petrov Yu.I., E.A. Shafranovsky, Yu.V. Baldokhin & G.A. Kochetov, 1999. J. Appl. Phys. 86, 7001–7005.
Petrov Yu.I., E.A. Shafranovsky & Yu.V. Baldokhin, 2000. Solid State Commun. 113, 153–158.
Pinski F.J., J. Staunton, B.L. Gyorffy, D.D. Johnson & G.M. Stocks, 1986. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2096–2099.
Roy D.M. & D.G. Pettifor, 1977. J. Phys. F: Metal Phys. 7, L183–L187.
Schlosser W.F., 1971. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 32, 939–949.
Schneider T., M. Acet, B. Rellinghaus, E.F. Wassermann & W. Pepperhoff, 1995. Phys. Rev. B 51, 8917–8921.
Shiga M., 1967. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 22, 539–546.
Sucksmith W. & R.R. Pearce, 1938. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 167, 189–204.
Sumiyama K., M. Shiga & Y. Nakamura, 1976. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 40, 996–1001.
Sumiyama K., M. Shiga, M. Morioka & Y. Nakamura, 1979. J. Phys. F: Metal Phys. 9, 1665–1677.
Sumiyama K., Y. Emoto, M. Shiga & Y. Nakamura, 1981. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 50, 3296–3302.
Tanji Y., Y. Nakagawa, Y. Saito, K. Nishimura & K. Nakatsuka, 1979. Phys. Status Solidi A 56, 513–519.
Vol A.E., 1966. Handbook of Binary Metallic Systems; Structure and Properties. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem: v. 2. (translated from Russian 'stroenie i svoistva dvoinykh metallicheskikh system’ by Vol A.E., 1962. Fizmatgiz, Moscow: v. 2, p. 982).
Wang C.S., B.M. Klein & H. Krakauer, 1985. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1852–1855.
Wassermann E.F., 1989. Physica Scripta T 25, 209–219.
Wassermann E.F., 1991. J. Magn. Magn. Mater 100, 346–362.
Wassermann E.F. & P. Entel, 1995. J. De Physique IV 5, C8-287–C8-292.
Weiss R.J., 1963. Proc. Phys. Soc. 82, 281–288.
Weiss R.J., 1972. Philos. Mag. 26, 261–263.
Wilkinson M.K. & C.G. Shull, 1956. Phys. Rev. 101, 516–524.
Window B., 1973. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 2853–2861.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Petrov, Y., Shafranovsky, E. Exhibition of High- and Low-spin States of the High-temperature Fcc Phase in Nanoparticles of Fe, Fe-rich and Co-rich Alloys. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 3, 417–430 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012503000500
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012503000500