Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relationships between nursery practices and field performance for Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

  • Published:
New Forests Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The 3.5 million ha of Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil support many domestic and industrial activities. In the pulpwood sector, forest productivity has increased from 12 to 40 m3 ha−1 year−1 through breeding and silviculturalpractices. Nurseries have fostered thisevolution with changes in container/substratetypes, propagation methods and specificinfrastructure for each plant growth phase.Eucalyptus plants are mainly produced bycuttings, using rigid tube containers filledwith vermiculite-organic compound substrates.Stock quality is based on morphologicalcharacteristics of the plants, andenvironmental conditions are highly significantfor plant performance. Performance is dependenton physiological short-term effects related tosurvival and long-term effects of genotype/rootmorphology related to tree development. Currentsilvicultural trends are reducing establishmentcosts but increasing the risk of using lowquality plants. The development of fieldperformance models and nursery physiologicaltests is recommended for Eucalyptusplantations in Brazil. Improved experimentaldesigns are needed to capture the interactionbetween plant quality and field performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aguiar, I.B. and Mello, H.A. 1974. Influencia do recipiente na producao de mudas e no desenvolvimento inicial apos o plantio no campo, de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden e E. saligna Smith. IPEF 8: 19–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros, N.F. and Novais, R.F. 1996. Eucalypt nutrition and fertilizer regimes in Brazil, pp. 335–356. In: Attiwil, P.M. and Adams, M.A. (Eds.) Nutrition of Eucalyptus. CSIRO, Collingwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernardo, A.L., Reis, M.G.F., Reis, G.G., Harrison, R.B. and Firme, D.J. 1998. Effect of spacing on growth and biomass distribution in Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. pellita and E.urophylla plantations is southeastern Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 104: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, T.J. and Suiter Fo, W. 1988. Drought tolerance, growth partitioning and vigor in eucalypt seedlings and rooted cuttings. Tree Physiology 4: 325–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campinhos Jr, E. and Ikemori, Y.K. 1983. Nova tecnica de producao de mudas de essencias florestais. IPEF 23: 47–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campinhos Jr., E. 1999. Sustainable plantations of high-yield Eucalyptus trees for production of fiber: The Aracruz case. New For. 17: 129–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carneiro, J.G.A. 1995. Producao e controle de qualidade de mudas florestais. UFPr/FUPEF, Curitiba. 451 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldridge, K.G., Davidson, J., Harwood, C. and van Wyk, G. 1994. Eucalypt Domestication and Breeding. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 288 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folk, R.S. and Grossnickle, S.C. 1997. Determining field performance potential with the use of limiting environmental conditions. New For. 13: 121–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomes, J.M., Couto, L. and Pereira, A.R. 1985. The use of different substrates in the production of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings in dibble tubes and on styrofoam trays. Arvore 9(1): 58–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves, A.N. 1982. Reversao a juvenilidade e clonagem de Eucalyptus urophylla in vitro. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de Sao Paulo. Tese (Doutorado), Piracicaba. 122 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves, J.L.M. and Poggiani, F. 1996. Substratos para producao de mudas florestais. In: Congresso Latino Americano de Ciencia do Solo, 13. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, Aguas de Lindoia, CD-Rom. 10 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves, J.L.M. and Gomes, F.S. 1999. Plantações clonais do híbrido E.grandis × uophylla: I. Configuracao do sistema radicular. In: Simposio Sobre Fertilizacao e Nutricao Florestal, 1. IPEF, Piracicaba, CDRom. 10 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves, J.L.M., Stape, J.L. and Benedetti, V. 1999. Reflexos do cultivo mínimo e intensivo do solo em sua fertilidade e nutricao mineral das arvores. In: Simposio de Fertilizacao e Nutricao Florestal, 1. IPEF, Piracicaba, 14p. CDRom. 12 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerreiro, C.A. and Colli Jr, G. 1984. Controle de qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus spp na Champion Papel e Celulose S.A., pp. 127–133 In: Simposio Internacional de Metodos de Producao e Controle de Qualidade de Mudas Florestais. UFPr/FUPEF, Curitiba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higashi, E.N., Silveira, R.L.V.A. and Goncalves, A.N. 2000. Propagacao vegetative de Eucalyptus: Principios basicos e a sua evolucao no Brasil. Circular Tecnica IPEF 192: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krejci, L.C., Martins, L.G. and Lourenco, P.Y. 1986. Desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de Eucalyptus spp sob diferentes condicoes de solo. Copener Florestal, Alagoinhas. 9 pp.

  • Mattsson, A. 1997. Predicting field performance using seedling quality assessment. New For. 13: 227–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNabb, K. 1994. Silviculture techniques for short rotation Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. In: Mechanization in Short Rotation, Intensive Culture Forestry Conference. Mobile. 6 pp.

  • Melo, A.C.G. 1989. Efeito de recipiente e substrato no comportamento silvicultural de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis e E. urophylla. Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (Tese Mestrado), Piracicaba. 120 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mora, A.L. 1986. Interacao com espacamentos e locais em clones de Eucalyptus no norte do estado da Bahia. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Universidade de Sao Paulo Tese (Mestrado), Piracicaba. 116 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, G.G. and Hall, A.E. 1986. Resistencia a desidratacao de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. com restricao do sistema radicular. Arvore 10(2): 168–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, G.G., Reis, M.G.F. and Maestri, M. 1988. Growth and water relations of Eucalyptus grandis and E. camaldulensis seedlings in plastic tubes under three irrigation regimes. Arvore 12(2): 183–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, G.G. 1991a. Efeito da poda de raizes sobre a arquitetura do sistema radicular e crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis e E. citriodora produzidos em tubetes. Arvore 15(1): 43–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, G.G. 1991b. Efeito do tempo de estocagem de mudas de Eucalyptus produzidas em tubetes sobre a producao de biomassa apos o replantio. Arvore 15(2): 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezende, G.C., Suiter Fo, W.S. and Gusmao, A.D. 1984. The management of Eucalyptus seedlings in nursery and its effects on post-planting growth and plant production, pp. 140–148. In: Simposio Internacional de Metodos de Producao e Controle de Qualidade de Mudas Florestais. UFPr/FUPEF, Curitiba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhizopoulou, S. and Davies, W.J. 1993. Leaf and root growth dynamics in Eucalyptus globulus seedlings grown in drying soil. Trees 8(1): 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sasse, J. and Sands, R. 1997. Configuration and development of root systems of cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus. New For. 14: 85–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simoes, J.W. 1970. Metodos de producao de mudas de eucalipto. IPEF 1: 101–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simoes, J.W. 1987. Problematica da producao de mudas em essencias florestais. Serie Tecnica IPEF 4(13): 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simoes, J., Leite, N.B. and Brandi, G. 1981. Formação, manejo e exploracao de florestas com especies de rapido crescimento. IBDF, Brasilia. 131 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, D. and Mexal, J.G. 1984. Growing the “best” seedling for reforestation success. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Forestry Department Series, 12.

  • Stape, J.L. 1990. Definicao do periodo e localizacao de cobertura de Eucalyptus grandis em funcao da dinamica do crescimento radicular. Circular Tecnica IPEF 174: 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stape, J.L. and Zani, J. Fo 1991. Seedling production and plantation establishment, pp. 22–134. In: Handbook of the establishment of Eucalyptus plantations. Jaakko Poyry, Helsink.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stape, J.L. and Itria, W.H. 1996. Determinação do espaçamento de plantio de Eucalyptus spp na Ripasa para diferentes materiais genéticos e uso múltiplo da madeira. Ripasa, Ararquara. 80 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stape, J.L., Gomes, A.N., Binkley, D. 2000. Dependence of slash and fertilizer management on site quality for clonal Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil regarding short-term objectives. Abstracts, pp. 115–116. In: International Symposium of Managing Forest Soils for Sustainable Productivity. International Union of Soil Sciences/SPCS/SPCF, Vila Real.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, Y., Brotherton, P., Hostetter, S., Chapman, D., Dyce, S., Belanger, J., Johnson, B. and Duke, S. 1997. The operational planting stock quality testing program at Weyerhaeuser. New For. 13: 423–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timmer, V.R. 1997. Exponential nutrient loading: a new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites. New For. 13: 279–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valeri, S.V. and Corradini, L. 1999. Fertilizacao em viveiros para producao de mudas de Eucalyptus e Pinus. In: Simposio Sobre Fertilizacao e Nutricao Florestal, 1. Piracicaba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Estudos Florestais. CDRom. 11 pp.

  • Walters, G.A. 1981. Why Hawaii is changing to the dibble-tube system of forestation. Journal of Forestry 79(11): 743–745.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J.C., Chung, J.D. and Chen, Z.Z. 1995. Vegetative propagation of adult Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla and comparison of growth between micropropagated plants and rooted cuttings. Plant Cell Reports 15: 170–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zani, J. Fo, Balloni, E.A. and Stape, J.L. 1989. Viveiro de mudas florestais: Analise de um sistema operacional atual e perspectivas futuras. Circular Tecnica IPEF 168: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zani, J. Fo 1998. Conceitos gerais sobre viveiro e producao de mudas florestais. In: curso de producao de mudas de especies florestais exoticas e nativas, 1. Piracicaba, IPEF. 10 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 9, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-970, Brazil

    Jose Luiz Stape, Jose Leonardo Moraes Gonçalves & Antonio Natal Gonçalves

Authors
  1. Jose Luiz Stape
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jose Leonardo Moraes Gonçalves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonio Natal Gonçalves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stape, J.L., Gonçalves, J.L.M. & Gonçalves, A.N. Relationships between nursery practices and field performance for Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. New Forests 22, 19–41 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012271616115

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012271616115

Search

Navigation