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Divergent effects of different oxidants on glutathione homeostasis and protein damage in erythrocytes from diabetic patients: Effects of high glucose

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Abstract

Long‐term complications of diabetes mellitus have been ascribed to both the effects of prolonged hyperglycemia and to increased oxidative stress. In an attempt to identify the mechanisms underlying the acute effects of hyperglycemia on oxidative stress, we investigated the hypothesis that high glucose might lead to an insufficiency in reducing equivalents (such as NADPH) and thus to a disruption in the glutathione‐dependent antioxidant defences and to an incapacity to deal with oxidant attack. For this purpose, erythrocytes from diabetic patients were incubated for 0–90 min in 5.55 or 33.3 mM D‐glucose containing tert‐butyl hydroperoxide 0.5 and 1 mM, Menadione 100 μM, or glucose oxidase. The time course of the changes in non‐protein bound glutathione (reduced and oxidised), lactate and pyruvate, alanine and fluorescent products of oxidative proteolysis, hemolysis and methemoglobin was monitored. The results show that although glucose utilisation was unaffected, all oxidants caused a persistent decrease in total non‐protein‐bound glutathione suggesting binding to proteins. However, changes in glutathione and redox status differed between the various oxidants and were not directly related to the extent of oxidative cellular damage. In these experimental conditions, with short incubations and using the erythrocyte as the simplest cellular model of glucose metabolism, neither high glucose nor the diabetic condition worsened the susceptibility of erythrocytes to acute in vitro oxidative damage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    Begoña Manuel y Keenoy, Jan Vertommen & Ivo De Leeuw

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  1. Begoña Manuel y Keenoy
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  2. Jan Vertommen
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Correspondence to Begoña Manuel y Keenoy.

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Keenoy, B.M.y., Vertommen, J. & De Leeuw, I. Divergent effects of different oxidants on glutathione homeostasis and protein damage in erythrocytes from diabetic patients: Effects of high glucose. Mol Cell Biochem 225, 59–73 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012268807728

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