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Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode

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Abstract

Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees.

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Author notes

  1. Katsuhiro Tabata

    Present address: Principal Research Coordinator (Biodiversity and Forest Health), FFPRI, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Microbiology Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kukizaki, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Hajime Kosaka

  2. Forest Microbiology Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kukizaki, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Takuya Aikawa & Nobuo Ogura

  3. Tama Forest Science Garden, FFPRI, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0843, Japan

    Katsuhiro Tabata

  4. FFPRI, Japan

    Tomoya Kiyohara

Authors
  1. Hajime Kosaka
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  2. Takuya Aikawa
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  3. Nobuo Ogura
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  4. Katsuhiro Tabata
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  5. Tomoya Kiyohara
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Kosaka, H., Aikawa, T., Ogura, N. et al. Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107, 667–675 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011954828685

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