Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the transport number of Na+, and the isoelectric point, of two skin membranes frequently used for iontophoreticin vitroresearch.
Methods. Na+ transport numbers were determined by the Hittorf method or by the measurement of membrane potential. The skin isoelectric point was deduced from the electroosmosis of mannitol (a polar non-electrolyte) as a function of pH.
Results. The Na+ transport number across porcine skin, like that for hairless mouse, indicated a modest cation permselectivity. Consistent with this observation, the isoelectric points of porcine and hairless mouse skin were determined to be in the ranges of 3.5−3.75 and 4.5−4.6, respectively. That is, at physiological pH, both of these model membranes supports a net negative charge.
Conclusions. The permselective properties of porcine and hairless mouse skin are similar (but with the porcine membrane having apparently fewer basic or more weakly-acidic groups than that of the mouse) and consistent with the characteristics, which have been deduced elsewhere, of human skin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
M. J. Pikal. The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 9:201–237 (1992).
J. Hirvonen, Y. Kalia, and R. H. Guy. Transdermal delivery of peptides by iontophoresis. Nature Biotechnology. 14:1710–1713 (1996).
P. Green. Iontophoretic delivery of peptide drugs. J. Control. Rel. 41:33–48 (1996).
A. Kim, P. G. Green, G. Rao, and R. H. Guy. Convective solvent flow during iontophoresis. Pharm. Res. 10:1315–1320 (1993).
M. B. Delgado-Charro and R. H. Guy. Characterization of convective solvent flow during iontophoresis. Pharm. Res 11:929–935 (1994).
P. Santi and R. H. Guy. Reverse iontophoresis-Parameters determining electroosmotic flow: I. pH and ionic strength. J. Control. Rel. 38:159–165 (1996).
P. Santi and R. H. Guy. Reverse iontophoresis-parameters determining electro-osmotic flow. II. Electrode chamber formulation. J. Control. Rel. 42:29–36 (1996).
G. B. Kasting and L. A. Bowman. DC electrical properties of frozen, excised human skin. Pharm. Res. 7:134–143 (1990).
R. R. Burnette and B. Ongipipattanakul. Characterization of the permselective properties of excised human skin during iontophoresis. J. Pharm. Sci. 76:765–773 (1987).
F. Helfferich. Ion Exchange, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1995.
M. J. Pikal and S. Shah. Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis. II. Electroosmotic flow and transference number measurements for hairless mouse skin. Pharm. Res. 7:213–221 (1990).
J. D. DeNuzzio and B. Berner. Electrochemical and iontophoretic studies of human skin. J. Control. Rel. 11:105–112 (1990).
P. G. Green, R. S. Hinz, C. Cullander, G. Yamane, and R. H. Guy. Iontophoretic delivery of amino acids and aminoacid derivatives across the skin in vitro. Pharm. Res. 8:1113–1120 (1991).
G. B. Kasting and L. A. Bowman. Electrical analysis of fresh, excised human skin: A comparison with frozen skin. Pharm. Res. 7:1141–1146 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luzardo-Alvarez, A., Rodríguez-Fernández, M., Blanco-Méndez, J. et al. lontophoretic Permselectivity of Mammalian Skin: Characterization of Hairless Mouse and Porcine Membrane Models. Pharm Res 15, 984–987 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011909623019
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011909623019