References
Turnock BJ. Public Health: What it is and How it Works. 2nd edn. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 2001.
Griffing CT. AIDS: The new endocrine epidemic. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1530-1531.
Patz EF Jr, Goodman PC, Bepler G. Screeening for lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1627-1633.
Aron DC (ed.). Endocrine incidentalomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:1-238.
Young WE Jr. Adrenal incidentalomas: Management approaches to adrenal masses discovered incidentally on abdominal imaging. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;1:159-186.
Kievit J, Haak HR. Diagnosis and treatment of adrenal incidentaloma: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;1:69-90.
Linos DA. Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas (adrenalomas): A view from Athens, Greece. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:141-158.
Mantero F, Giorgic Arnaldi G. Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas: A view from Ancona, Italy. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;1:107-126.
Schteingart DE. Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas: A view from Ann Arbor, Michigan. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:127-140.
Cook DM, Loriaux DL. The incidental adrenal mass. Adv in Endocrinol Metabol 1994;5:137-170.
Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, Korobkin M, Shapiro B. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocrine Reviews 1995;16:460-484.
Lightner ES, Levine LS. The adrenal incidentaloma. A pediatric perspective. Am J Dis Children 1993;147:1274-1276.
Aron DC. Adrenal incidentalomas and glucocorticoid autonomy. Clin Endocrinol 1998;49:157-158.
Reincke M. Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;1:43-56.
Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A, Di Martino M, Battista C, Del Viscovo L, Nuzzo V, Lombardi G. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical and biochemical features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1440-1448.
Torlontano M, Chiodini I, Pileri M, Guglielmi G, Cammisa M, Modoni S, Carnevale V, Trischitta V, Scillitani A. Altered bone mass and turnover in female patients with adrenal incidentaloma: the effect of subclinical hypercortisolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2381-2385.
Tsaragakis S, Roboti C, Kokkoris P, Vasiliou V, Alevizaki C, Thalassinos. Elevated post-dexamethasone suppression cortisol concentrations correlate with hormonal alterations of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in patienta with adrenal incidentalomas. Clin Endocrinol. 1998;49:165-171.
Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, Osella G, Masini AM, Ali A, Giovagnetti M, Opocher G, Angeli A. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study group on adrenal tumors of the Italian society of endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:637-644.
Stratakis CA, Chrousos GP. Adrenal cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:15-26.
Terzolo M, Ali A, Osella G, Mazza E. Prevalence of adrenal carcinoma among incidentally discovered adrenal masses. A retrospective study from 1989 to 1994. Gruppo Piemontese Incidentalomi Surrenalici. Arch Surg 1997;132:914-919.
Favia G, Lumachi F, Basso S, D'Amico DF. Management of incidentally discovered adrenal masses and risk of malignancy. Surgery 2000;128:918-924.
Luton JP, Martinez M, Coste J, Bertherat J. Outcome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma selected for surgery: An analysis of 88 cases investigated in a single clinical center. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143:111-117.
Bernini GP, Miccoli P, Moretti A, Vivaldi MS, Iacconi P, Salvetti A. Sixty adrenal masses of large dimensions: Hormonal and morphologic evaluation. Urology 1998;51:920-925.
Udelsman R, Fishman EK. Radiology of the adrenal. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:27-42.
Aron DC. Diagnostic implications of adrenal physiology and clinical epidemiology for evaluation of glucocorticoid excess and deficiency. In: DeGroot LJ, Jameson JL, eds. Endocrinology, 4th edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000;1655-1670.
Bailey RH, Aron DC. The diagnostic dilemma of incidentalomas: working through uncertainty. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:91-105.
Black WC, Welch HG. Advances in diagnostic imaging and overestimation of disease prevalence and the benefits of therapy. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1237-1243.
Marshall KG. Prevention. How much harm? How much benefit? 1. Influence of reporting methods on perception of benefits. Can Med Assoc J 1996;154:1493-1499.
Marshall KG. Prevention. How much harm? How much benefit? 2. Ten potential pitfalls in determining the clinical significance of benefits. Can Med Assoc J 1996;154:1837-1843.
Marshall KG. Prevention. How much harm? How much benefit? 3. Physical, psychological and social harm. Can Med Assoc J 1996;155:169-175.
Seppel T, Schlaghecke R. Augmented 17 alpha-hydroxypro-gesterone response to ACTH stimulation as evidence of decreased 21-hydroxylase activity in patients with incidentally discovered adrenal tumours (“incidentalomas”). Clin Endocrinol 1994;41:445-451.
Terzolo M, Ali A, Osella G, Reimondo G, Pia A, Peretti P, Paccotti P, Angeli A. The value of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate measurement in the differentiation between benign and malignant adrenal masses. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;142:611-617.
Gicquel C, Bertherat J, Le Bouc Y, Bertagna X. Pathogenesis of adrenocortical incidentalomas and genetic syndromes associated with adrenocortical neoplasms. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:1-14.
Mold JW, Stein HF. The cascade effect in the clinical care of patients. N Engl J Med 1986;314:512-514.
Kasperlik-Zaluska AA, Roslonowska E, Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Migdalska B, Jeske W, Makowska A, Snochowska H. Incidentally discovered adrenal mass (incidentaloma): Investigation and management of 208 patients. Clin Endocrinol 1997;46:29-37.
Virkkala A, Valimaki M, Pelkonen R, Huikuri K, Kahri A, Kivisaari L, Korhonen T, Salmi J, Seppala P. Endocrine abnormalities in patients with adrenal tumours incidentally discovered on computed tomography. Acta Endocrinologica (Copenh) 1989;121:67-72.
Jockenhovel F, Kuck W, Hauffa B, Reinhardt W, Benker G, Lederbogen S, Olbricht Th., Reinwein D. Conservative and surgical management of incidentally discovered adrenal tumors (incidentalomas). J Endocrinol Invest 1992;15:331-337.
Barry MK, van Heerden JA, Farley DR, Grant CS, Thompson GB, Ilstrup DM. Can adrenal incidentalomas be safely observed? World J Surg 1998;22:599-604.
Barzon L, Scaroni C, Sonino N, Fallo F, Paoletta A, Boscaro M. Risk factors and long-term follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:520-526.
Bastounis EA, Karayiannakis AJ, Anapliotou ML, Nakopoulou L, Makri GG, Papalambros EL. Incidentalomas of the adrenal gland: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Am Surg 1997;63:356-360.
Siren J, Tervahartiala P, Sivula A, Haapiainen R. Natural course of adrenal incidentalomas: Seven-year follow-up study. World J Surg 2000;24:579-582.
Jossart GH, Burpee SE, Gagner M. Surgery of the adrenal glands. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 2000;29:57-68.
Slavin LP, Best MA, Aron DC. To Regionalize or not to regionalize: that is the question. Part I. Volume-outcome relationships--conceptual framework. The Endocrinologist 2000;10:205-210.
Best MA, Slavin LP, Aron DC. To Regionalize or not to regionalize: that is the question. Part II. Volume-outcome relationships--endocrine disorders and their treatment. The Endocrinologist 2000;10:265-269.
Fisher ES, Welch HG. Avoiding the unintended consequences of growth in medical care: how might more be worse? JAMA 1999;281:446-453.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aron, D.C. The Adrenal Incidentaloma: Disease of Modern Technology and Public Health Problem. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2, 335–342 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011580819132
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011580819132