Skip to main content
Log in

Sinus Node Dysfunction

  • Published:
Cardiac Electrophysiology Review

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Cossu SF, Steinberg JS. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias involving the sinus node: Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1998;41(1):51–63.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jayaprakash S, Sparks PB, Vohra J. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST): Management by radiofrequency modification of sinus node. Aust NZ J Med 1997;27:391–397.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bernstein AD, Parsonnet V. Survey of cardiac pacing in the United States in 1989. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:331–338.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gregoratos G, Cheitlin MD, Conill A, Epstein AE, Fellows C, Ferguson TB Jr, Freedman RA, Hlatky MA, Naccarelli GV, Saksena S, Schlant RC, Silka MJ. ACC/AHA guidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Pacemaker Implantation). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1175–1209.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wilkoff BL, Miller RE. Exercise testing for chronotropic assessment. Cardiol Clin 1992;10:705–717.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wilkoff BL, Corey J, Blackbum G. A mathematical model of the cardiac chronotropic response to exercise. J Electrophysiol 1989;3:176–180.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bharati S, Surawicz B, Vidaillet HJ, Lev M. Familial congenital sinus rhythm anomalies: Clinical and pathological correlations. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1992;15:1720–1729.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Mehta AV, Chidambaram B, Garrett A. Familial symptomatic sinus bradycardia: Autosomal dominant inheritance. Pediatr Cardiol 1995;16: 231–234.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Olson TM, Keating MT. Mapping a cardiomyopathy locus to chromosome 3p22- 25. J Clin Invest 1996;97:528–532.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schott JJ, Charpentier F, Peltier S, Foley P, Drouin E, Bouhour JB, Donnelly P, Vergnaud G, Bachner L, Moisan JP, et al. Mapping of a gene for long QT syndrome to chromosome 4q25- 27. Am J Hum Genet 1995;57:1114–1122.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Balaji S, Till J, Shinebone EA. Familial atrial standstill with coexistent atrial flutter. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998;21:1841–1842.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cooper MM, Smith CR, Rose EA, Schneller SJ, Spotnitz HM. Permanent pacing following cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;104:812–816.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chau EM, McGregor CG, Rodeheffer RJ, Frantz RP, Olson LJ, Daly RC, Edwards BS. Increased incidence of chronotropic incompetence in older donor hearts. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:743–748.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Heniz G, Ohner T, Laufer G, Gossinger H, Gasic S, Laczkovics A. Demographic and perioperative factors associated with initial and prolonged sinus node dysfunction after orthotopic heart transplantation. The impact of ischemic time. Transplantation 1991;51:1217–1224.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Heinz G, Laufer G, Hirschl M, Gasic S, Siostrzonek P, Gossinger H, Laczkovics A. Postoperative sinus node dysfunction in the transplanted heart. Impaired automaticity but normal refractoriness. Chest 1992;101:603–606.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Scott CD, Dark JH, McComb JM. Sinus node function after cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1334–1341.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Babuty D, Aupart M, Cosnay P, Sirinelli A, Rouchet S, Marchand M, Fauchier JP. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic properties of cardiac allografts. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1994;5:1053–1063.

    Google Scholar 

  18. deMarneffe M, Gregoire JM, Waterschoot P, Kestemont MP. The sinus node function: Normal and pathological. Eur Heart J 1993;14:649–654.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Pasic M, Musci M, Siniawski H, Edelmann B, Tedoriya T, Hetzer R. Transient sinus node dysfunction after the Coxmaze III procedure in patients with organic heart disease and chronic fixed atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1040–1047.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tanigawa M, Fukatani M, Konoe A, Isomoto S, Kadena M, Hashiba K. Prolonged and fractionated right atrial electrograms during sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sick sinus node syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:403–408.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Centurion OA, Fukatani M, Konoe A, Tanigawa M, Shimizu A, Isomoto S, Kaibaara M, Hashiba K. Different distribution of abnormal endocardial electrograms within the right atrium in patients with sick sinus syndrome. Br Heart J 1992;68:596–600.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Seino Y, Shimai S, Ibuki C, Itoh K, Takano T, Hayakawa H. Disturbed secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with persistent atrial standstill: Endocrinologic silence. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:459–463.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Alboni P, Baggioni GF, Scarfo S, Cappato R, Percoco GF, Paparella N, Antonioli GE. Role of sinus node artery disease in sick sinus syndrome in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1991;67:1180–1184.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Maisch B, Lotze U, Scheneide J, Kochsiek K. Antibodies to human sinus node in sick sinus syndrome. Pacing Cardiac Electrophysiol 1986;9:1101–1109.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ferrari I, Levin MJ, Elizari MV, Rosenbaum MB, Chiale PA. Cholinergic autoantibodies in sinus-node dysfunction. Lancet 1997;350(9073): 262–263.

    Google Scholar 

  26. O'Mahoney D. Pathophysiology of carotid sinus hypersensitivity in elderly patients. Lancet 1995; 346:950–952.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Giangranchi L, Oddone D, Lolli G, Bertulla A. Neurally mediated syncope detected by carotid sinus massage and headup tilt test in sick sinus syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:1032–1036.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Asseman P, Berzin B, Desry D, Bauchart JJ, Reade R, Leroy O, Poncelet P, Lekieffre J, Thery C. Postextrasystolic sinoatrial exit block in human sick sinus syndrome: Demonstration by direct recording of sinus node electrograms. Am Heart J 1991;122: 1633–1643.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Asseman P, Berzin B, Desry D, Vilarem D, Durand P, Delmotte C, Sarkis EH, Lekieffre J, Thery C. Persistent sinus nodal electrograms during abnormally prolonged postpacing atrial pauses in sick sinus syndrome in humans: Sinoatrial block versus overdrive suppression. Circulation 1983;68:33–41.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Wu DL, Yeh SJ, Lin FC, Wang CC, Cherng WJ, Sinus automaticity and sinoatrial conduction in severe symptomatic sick sinus syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:355–364.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kinlay S, Leitch JW, Neil A, Chapman BL, Hardy DB, Fletcher PJ. Cardiac event recorders yield more diagnoses and are more cost-effective than 48-hour Holter monitoring in patients with palpitations. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Reiffel JA, Kuehnert MJ. Electrophysiological testing of sinus node function: Diagnostic and prognostic application—including updated information from sinus node electrograms. Pacing Clin Electrophys 1994;17:349–365.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Jaeger FJ, Trohman RG, Maloney JD. Incidence and predictors of syncope in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1992;15:2055–2060.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Redmond JM, Zehr KJ, Gillinov MA, Baughman KL, Augustine SM, Cameron DE, Stuart RS, Acker MA, Gardner TJ, Reitza BA, et al. Use of theophylline for treatment of prolonged sinus node dysfunction in human orthotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993;12:133–138.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bertolet BD, Eagle DA, Conti JB, Mills RM, Belardineli L. Bradycardia after heart transplantation: Reversal with theophylline. J AmColl Cardiol 1996;28:396–399.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rothman SA, Jeevanandam V, Seeber CP, Pina IL, Hsia HH, Bove AA, Miller JM. Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous aminophylline in heart transplant recipients with sinus node dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:429–435.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Saito D, Matsubara K, Yamanari H, Obayashi N, Uchida S, Maekawa K, Sato T, Mizuo Kobayashi H, Haraoka S. Effects of oral theophylline on sick sinus syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1199–1204.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Avery PG, Small J, Shaw DB. Xamoterol in sinus node disease. Int J Cardiol 1993;40:45–49.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Connolly SJ, Sheldon R, Roberts RS, Gent M, on behalf of the Vasovagal Pacemaker Study Investigators. The North American Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS): A randomized trial of permanent cardiac pacing for the prevention of vasovagal syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Report of a working party of the British Pacing and Electrophysiology Group. Recommendations for pacemaker prescription for symptomatic bradycardia. Br Heart J 1991;66:185–191.

  41. Lamas GA, Prosser AP, Edery TP, Lee MA, Berman K, Levine P. Age and sex bias in pacemaker selection. Circulation 1992;86:449A.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lamas GA, Pashos CL, Normand S-LT, McNeil BJ. Factors affecting 2-year survival in Medicare pacemaker patients. Pacing Clin Electrophys 1993;16:919A.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Rosenqvist M, Brandt J, Schuller H. Atrial versus ventricular pacing in sinus node disease: A treatment comparison study. Am Heart J 1986;111:292–297.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Rosenqvist M, Brandt J, Schuller H. Long-term pacing in sinus node disease: Effects of stimulation mode on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Am Heart J 1988;116:16–22.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Santini M, Alexidou G, Ansalone G, Cacciatore G, Cini R, Turitto G. Relation of prognosis in sick sinus syndrome to age, conduction defects and modes of permanent pacing. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:729–735.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Maloney JD. The role of pacing modalities in long-term survival in the sick sinus syndrome. Annals Intern Med 1993;119:359–365.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Maloney JD, Simmons TW, Wilkoff BL, Castle LW, Trohman RG. Chronic atrial fibrillation and stroke in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome: Relevance of clinical characteristics and pacing modalities. Circulation 1993;88:1045–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Andersen HR, Thuesen L, Bagger JP, Vesterlund T, Thompsen. Prospective randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing in sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet 1994;344:1523–1528.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Andersen HR, Nielsen JC, Thomsen PEB, Thuesen L, Mortensen PT, Vesterlund T, Pedersen AK. Longterm follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet 1997;350:1210–1216.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lamas GA, Orav EJ, Stambler BS, Ellenbogen KA, Sgarbossa EB, Huang SK, Marinchak RA, Estes NA III, Mitchell GF, Lieberman EH, Mangione CM, Goldman L for the Pacemaker Selection in the Elderly Investigators. Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dualchamber pacing. N Engl J Med 1998;338(16):1097–1104.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Freedman, R.A. Sinus Node Dysfunction. Card Electrophysiol Rev 5, 145–151 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011424312828

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011424312828

Keywords

Navigation