Abstract
How did New York City's eighteenth century almshouse (1736–1797) handle homelessness and poverty? Historians have been debating whether the conditions were familial and supportive, or mean-spirited and intolerable. An analysis of the archaeology, artifacts, architecture, landscape design, primary sources, and secondary sources associated with the New York City almshouse complex suggest some answers.
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Baugher, S. Visible Charity: The Archaeology, Material Culture, and Landscape Design of New York City's Municipal Almshouse Complex, 1736–1797. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5, 175–202 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011399426797
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011399426797