Synthesis and In Vitro Behavior of Organically Modified Silicate Containing Ca Ions

Abstract

Organically modified silicates containing calcium ion have a potential to bond to bone via an apatite layer deposited on their surfaces in the body environment. In this study, we examined the relationship between apatite deposition and the microstructure of the organically modified silicates synthesized from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a different amount of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Apatite deposition was evaluated in vitro using a simulated body fluid (Kokubo solution). Copolymerization was confirmed between TEOS and PDMS even if PDMS free from —SiOH termination are used as one of the starting materials. The porosity and Ca content incorporated in the structure depended on the amount of HCl, whereas analysis of ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra indicates that it caused few effects on the local structure around Si atoms. Apatite-forming ability is enhanced by optimal amounts of HCl and Ca (NO₃)₂·4H₂O. The difference in apatite-forming ability among the hybrid gels was attributed to both Ca(II) contents in the structure and aggregation states of the Si—OH groups. Better bioactivity of the hybrid gels is achieved by the release of Ca(II) ions trapped in structure at gelation and the formation of hydrated silica rich in Si—OH.