Skip to main content
Log in

Abstract

The impact of neighborhood-center image on rental rates is empirically modeled and tested. The neighborhood-center anchor does not substantially affect in-line, nonanchor rental rates and is more a proxy for a neighborhood center's trade-area economic base than an actual determinant of neighborhood-center rental rates. Image-related facilities’ specific variables do affect rental rates. Concurrently, relative center size does impact rental rates, providing marginal support for the use of gravity models at the property subtype level. More modeling of retail rents and sales activity is warranted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, P. M. (1985). “Association of Shopping Centers with Performance of a Nonanchor Specialty Chain's Stores,” Journal of Retailing 61, 61–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, J. D., G. W. Boyle, and C. F. Sirmans. (1990). “Retail Leasing: The Determinants of Shopping Center Rents,” AREUEA Journal 18, 302–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, J. D., G. D. Jud, and D. T. Winkler. (1998). “The Supply Adjustment Process in Retail Space Markets,” Journal of Real Estate Research 15, 297–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brueckner, J. K. (1993). “Inter-Store Externalities and Space Allocation in Shopping Centers.” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 7, 5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christaller, W. (1966). Central Places in Southern Germany. Trans. C. W. Baskins. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, C. S., A. Ghosh, and S. McLafferty. (1984). “Model of the Retail Location Process: A Review,” Journal of Retailing 60, 5–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Palma, A., V. Ginsburgh, Y. Y. Papageorgiou, and J. F. Thisse. (1985). “The Principle of Minimum Differentiation Holds Under Sufficient Heterogeneity,” Econometrica 53, 767–781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, P., and I. Fenwick. (1974). “How Store Image Affects Shopping Habits in Grocery Chains,” Journal of Retailing 50, 39–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, B. C., and R. G. Lipsey. (1979). “Comparison Shopping and the Clustering of Homogeneous Firms,” Journal of Regional Science 19, 421–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, B. C., and R. G. Lipsey. (1982). “An Economic Theory of Central Places,” Economic Journal 95, 56–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eppli, M. J., and J. D. Benjamin. (1994). “The Evolution of Shopping Center: A Review and Analysis,” Journal of Real Estate Research 9, 5–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eppli, M. J., and J. D. Shilling. (1996). “How Critical Is a Good Location to a Regional Shopping Center,” Journal of Real Estate Research 12, 459–468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatzlaff, D. H., G. S. Sirmans, and B. A. Diskin. (1994). “The Effect of Anchor Tenant Loss on Shopping Center Rents,” Journal of Real Estate Research 9, 99–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, A. (1986). “The Value of a Mall and Other Insights from Revised Central Place Theory,” Journal of Retailing 62, 79–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, A., and S. McLafferty. (1984). “A Model of Consumer Propensity for Multipurpose Shopping,” Geographical Analysis 16, 244–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Jr., R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham, and W. C. Black. (1992). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, S. (1980). “Spatial Diversification and Multipurpose Travel,” Geographical Analysis 12, 245–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin III, W. G., and M. L. Wolverton. (2000). “Micro-Market Determinants of Neighborhood Center Rental Rates.” Journal of Real Estate Research 20, 299–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hise, R. T., J. P. Kelly, M. Gable, and J. B. McDonald. (1983). “Factors Affecting the Performance of Individual Chain Store Units: An Empirical Analysis,” Journal of Retailing 59, 22–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotelling, H. (1929). “Stability in Competition,” Economic Journal 39, 41–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huff, D. L. (1964). “Defining and Estimating a Retail Trade Area,” Journal of Marketing 28, 34–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingene, C. A. (1984). “Structural Determinants of Market Potential,” Journal of Retailing 60, 37–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingene, C. A., and A. Gosh. (1990). “Consumer and Producer Behavior in a Multipurpose Shopping Environment,” Geographical Analysis 22, 70–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingene, C. A., and R. F. Lusch. (1980). “Market Selection Decisions for Department Stores,” Journal of Retailing 56, 21–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lentnek, B., M. Harwitz, and S. C. Narula. (1981). “Spatial Choice in Consumer Behavior: Towards a Contextual Theory of Demand,” Economic Geography 57, 362–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losch, A. (1954). The Economics of Location. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, B. H. (1972). “Image Variation and the Multi-Unit Retail Establishment,” Journal of Retailing 48, 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miceli, T. J., C. F. Sirmans, and D. Stake. (1998). “Optimal Competition and Allocation of Space in Shopping Centers,” Journal of Real Estate Research 16, 113–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakanishi, M., and L. G. Cooper. (1974). “Parameter Estimation for a Multiplicative Competitive Interaction Model: Least Squares Approach,” Journal of Marketing Research 11, 303–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevin, J. R., and M. J. Houston. (1980). “Image as a Component of Attraction to Intraurban Shopping Areas,” Journal of Retailing 56, 77–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • O' Kelly, M. E. (1981). “A Model of the Demand for Retail Facilities, Incorporating Multistop, Multipurpose Trips,” Geographical Analysis 13, 134–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okoruwa, A. A., H. O. Nourse, and J. V. Terza. (1994). “Estimating Sales for Retail Centers: An Application of the Poisson Gravity Model,” Journal of Real Estate Research 9, 85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ownby, K. L., K. Davis, and H. H. Sundel. (1994). “The Effect of Location Variables on the Gross Rents of Neighborhood Shopping Centers,” Journal of Real Estate Research 9, 111–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, W. J. (1931). The Law of Retail Gravitation. New York: Knickerbocker Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich, S. U., and B. D. Portis. (1964). “The ‘Imageries’ of Department Stores,” Journal of Marketing 28, 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, G. (1969). “Analysis of Spatial Behavior by Revealed Space Preference,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59, 391–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, G., R. G. Colledge, and W. A. Clark. (1966). “Formulation and Test of a Normative Model for the Spatial Allocation of Grocery Expenditures by a Dispersed Population,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 57, 389–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirmans, G. S., D. H. Gatzlaff, and B. A. Diskin. (1996). “Suffering the Loss of an Anchor Tenant,” Megatrends in Retail Real Estate. Research Issues in Real Estate Vol. 3, pp. 261–276 J. D. Benjamin (ed.), Norwell, MA: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirmans, C. F., and K. A. Guidry. (1993). “The Determinants of Shopping Center Rents,” Journal of Real Estate Research 8, 107–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, T. J., and M. A. Sewall. (1976). “Image Inputs to a Probabilistic Model: Predicting Retail Potential,” Journal of Marketing 40, 48–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandell, K. D., and C. C. Carter. (1993). “Retail Store Location and Market Analysis,” Journal of Real Estate Literature 1, 13–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernor, J. W., and J. Rabianski. (1993). Shopping Center Appraisal and Analysis. Chicago, IL: Appraisal Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, D. S., B. Von Hohenbalken, and K. Kroner. (1985). “Tests of Intraurban Central Place Theories,” Economic Journal 95, 101–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. A. (1980). “Heteroscedasticity-Constant Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroscedasticity,” Econometrica 48, 817–838.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hardin, W.G., Wolverton, M.L. Neighborhood Center Image and Rents. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 23, 31–46 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011112707018

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011112707018

Navigation