Abstract
In this study, attention is paid to oxygen dissolution in the metallic matrix, i.e., pure titanium (α-Ti) and niobium-alloyed titanium (α- and β-Ti) during exposure at 800°C in dry and humidified argon/oxygen and nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres. In particular, the diffusion coefficients and the total amount of oxygen in both materials have been determined by profiling micro-hardness in the matrix after oxidation. Experimental data showed that even after oxidation in nitrogen-containing atmospheres, the amount of dissolved nitrogen in pure and niobium-alloyed titanium was significantly lower than the amount of oxygen. This justifies that only oxygen should be considered as the dissolved species. It is shown that micro-hardness data are very useful for diffusion studies. Microhardness values, obtained from a one-phase material, i.e., pure titanium (α-phase), can be “curve-fit” by a simple error function. However, concerning a two-phase material, i.e., Ti–4Nb (α- and β-titanium) a modification of the simple error-function approach is needed, resulting in an adapted function consisting of two different error functions combined with a prefactor, indicating the relative contribution of each phase. From the available data, it was determined that the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in α-Ti is about two orders of magnitude higher than in β-Ti.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Kofstad, High Temperature Corrosion (Elsevier, London, 1988).
B. Champin, L. Graff, M. Armand, G. Beranger, and C. Coddet, J. Less Common Met. 69, 163 (1980).
M. Pons, M. Caillet, and A. Gallerie, J. Less Common Met. 109, 45 (1985).
Y. S. Chen and C. J. Rosa, Oxid. Met. 14, 147 (1980).
A. M. Chaze and C. Coddet, Oxid. Met. 27, 1 (1987).
A. M. Chaze and C. Coddet, J. Less Common Met. 157, 55 (1990).
R. J. Hanrahan and D. P. Butt, Oxid. Met. 47, 317 (1999).
A. M. Chaze, C. Coddet, and G. Beranger, J. Less Common Met. 83, 49 (1982).
K. Ramoul, C. Coddet, G. Beranger, and F. Armanet, J. Less Common. Met. 99, 45 (1984).
K. Ramoul, C. Coddet, G. Beranger, and F. Armanet, J. Less Common Met. 99, 63 (1984).
A. M. Chaze and C. Coddet, Oxid. Met. 21, 205 (1984).
J. E. Lopes Gomes and A. M. Huntz, Oxid. Met. 14, 249 (1980).
A. M. Chaze and C. Coddet, Oxid. Met. 28, 61 (1988).
P. Pérez, V. A. C. Haanappel, and M. F. Stroosnijder, Oxid. Met. 53, 481 (2000).
P. Pérez, V. A. C. Haanappel, and M. F. Stroosnijder, Mat. Sci. Eng. 284, 126 (2000).
R. L. Rawe and C. J. Rosa, Oxid. Met. 14, 549 (1980).
M. F. Stroosnijder, N. Zheng, W. J. Quadakkers, R. Hofman, A. Gil, and F. Lanza, Oxid. Met. 46, 19 (1996).
K. N. Stafford and J. M. Towell, Oxid. Met. 10, 41 (1976).
T. K. Roy, R. Balasubramaniam, and A. Ghosh, Scripta Mater. 34, 1425 (1996).
D. David, G. Beranger, and E. A. Garcia, J. Electrochem. Soc. 130, 1423 (1983).
T. J. Johnson, M. H. Loretto, and M. W. Kearns, in Titanium '92 Science and Technology, F. H. Froes and I. Caplan, eds. (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Göbel, M., Haanappel, V.A.C. & Stroosnijder, M.F. On the Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Oxygen in One-Phase Ti (α-Ti) and Two-Phase Ti–4Nb (α- and β-Ti) by Micro-Hardness Measurements. Oxidation of Metals 55, 137–151 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010333410938
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010333410938