Abstract
In this paper, a modified four-point bending test is described, which allows a quantitative determination of the mechanical properties of oxide scales on metallic substrates at temperatures from ambient to 900°C. Scale failure is detected by acoustic emission. By combining deformation data with the physical defect-structure values for the scales, fracture toughnesses have been evaluated for the cases of through-scale cracking and delamination/spalling. The test was applied to NiO scales on pure nickel and to the oxide scales on an intermetallic TiAl alloy at room temperature and 900°C, respectively. The fracture-toughness values determined in these investigations correspond to the order of magnitude expected from the rare literature data. The test itself can also be applied to a variety of brittle coatings on more-or-less ductile substrates.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Bruce and P. Hancock, J. Inst. Met. 97, 140 (1969).
D. Bruce and P. Hancock, J. Inst. Met. 97, 148, (1969).
R. C. Hurst and P. Hancock, Werkst. Korros. 23, 773 (1972).
M. Schütze, Oxid. Met. 24, 199 (1985).
P. Hancock, J. R. Nicholls, and D. J. Stephenson, Surf. Coat. Technol. 32, 285 (1987).
J. Barbehön, Fortschr. Ber. VDI, Series 5, No. 138 (VDI, Düsseldorf 1988).
M. Schmitz-Niederau and M. Schütze, Oxid. Met. 52, 241 (1999).
M. Nagl, S. R. J. Saunders, and V. Guttman, Mater. High Temp. 12, 163 (1994).
M. J. Bennett, in High Temperature Corrosion of Advanced materials and Protective Coatings, Y. Saito et al., eds. (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1992, p. 29).
M. Schütze, Oxid. Met. 44, 29 (1995).
C. Bruns, Doctoral Thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, 2000.
A. Rahmel, M. Schütze, C. Bruns, and M. Schorr, German Patent No. DE 196 04 470 C1.
I. Küppenbender and M. Schütze, Oxid. Met. 42, 109 (1994).
C. Lang and M. Schütze, in Oxidation of Intermetallics, H. J. Grabke and M. Schütze, eds. (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1997), p. 245.
M. M. Nagl, W. T. Evans, D. J. Hall and S. R. J. Saunders, Oxid. Met. 42, 431 (1994).
P. Hancock and R. C. Hurst, Advan. Corros. Sci. Technol. p. 4 (1974).
W. Reimers and T. Gnäupel-Herold, Final Report No RE688_15–1–1, Deut. Forschungsgem. Bonn, 1997.
M. Schütze and W. Przybilla, Final Report No SCHU 729_9–3, Deut. Forschungsgem. Bonn, 1999.
J. F. Shackelford, Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 2nd edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994).
M. Schütze, Protective Oxide Scales and Their Breakdown (Wiley, Chichester, 1997).
G. T. Murray, ed., Handbook of Materials Selection for Engineering Applications (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bruns, C., Schütze, M. Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Oxide Scales on Nickel and TiAl. Oxidation of Metals 55, 35–68 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010321108212
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010321108212