Skip to main content
Log in

A Psychoanalytic View of Racial Myths in a Nazi Propaganda Film: Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew)

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies

Abstract

This paper describes the emotional appeal of propaganda utilizing concepts from psychoanalysis, small group psychology, and psychohistory. The film propagandist attempts to exploit irrational emotional responses to visual scenes and commentary to change attitudes, values, and behavior in a mass setting. A link between shared unconscious fantasies and myth is offered as an explanatory concept to explain propaganda's wide emotional appeal. The German Nazi anti-Semitic film, Der Ewige Jude, serves as the case example of the exploitation of such fantasies in a mass setting for a political end.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Adorno, T. W., Lowenthal, L., & Massing, P. W. (1946). Anti-Semitism and fascist Propaganda. In E. Simmel (Ed.), Anti-Semitism: A social disease. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. (1958). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, N. Y.: Anchor Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G. K. (1965). The legend of the wandering Jew. Hanover, New Hampshire: Brown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arlow, J. A. (1961). Ego psychology and the study of mythology. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 9, 371–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arlow, J. A. (1982). Unconscious fantasies and political movements. In M. Ostow, (Ed.), Psychoanalysis and Judaism. New York: Ktav.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, K. (1991). A nightmare of an exhibition that really happened. Smithsonian, 22, 4:86–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, M. (1992). In the shadow of Moloch: The sacrifice of children and its impact on Western religion. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bion (1959). Experiences in groups. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diebow, H. (Ed.). (1937). Der ewige Jude. Berlin: Zentralverlag der NSDAP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1921). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. Standard Edition, Vol. 18. London: Hogarth, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S. (1991). The Jew's body. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glover, E. (1947). War, sadism, and pacifism: Further essays on group psychology and war. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebbels, J. (1939-41). The Goebbels diaries: 1939-1941. Taylor, F., (Trans. and Ed.), New York: Putnam, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldhagen, D. J. (1995). Hitler's willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, D. (1995). On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, J. J. & Gibbard, G. S. (1974a). Anxiety, boundary evolution and social change. In G. S. Gibbard, J. J. Hartman & R. D. Mann (Eds.), Analysis of groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, J. J. & Gibbard, G. S. (1974b). A note on fantasy themes in the evolution of group culture. In G. S. Gibbard, J. J. Hartman & R. D. Mann (Eds.), Analysis of groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitler, A. (1925). Mein kampf (My Struggle). Manheim, R. (Trans.) Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitler, A. (1939). Dem Fuhrer und Obersten Befehishaber, p. 34.

  • Hornshoj-Moller, S. (1995). Der ewige Jude: Quellenkritische Analyse eines antisemitischen Propagandafilms. Gottingen, Germany: Institut fur den Wissenschaftlichen Film.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornshoj-Moller, S. (1996). (Danish). The Furhrer myth: Adolph Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, and the history behind a genocide. Copenhagen: Tiderne Skifter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornshoj-Moller, S. & Culbert, D. (1992). Der ewige Jude: Joseph Goebbels' unequaled monument to anti-Semitism. Journal of the History of Film, Radio, and Television, 12, 41–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsia, R. P. (1988). The myth of ritual murder: Jews and magic in reformation Germany. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, D. S. (1969). Film in the Third Reich: A study of German cinema, 1933-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jowett, G. S. & O'Donnell, V. (1992). Propaganda and persuasion. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kris, E. (1941). The 'danger' of propaganda. In Selected papers of Ernst Kris (pp. 409–432). New Haven: Yale University Press., 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kris, E. (1943). Some problems of war propaganda: A note on propaganda new and old. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 12, 381–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kris, E. (1944). Radio propaganda: Report on home broadcasts during the war. New York: MOxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kris, E. and Leites (1947). Trends in twentieth century propaganda. Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences, 1, 393–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langmuir, G. (1990). History, religion, and Anti-Semitism. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanzmann, C. (1995). Shoah. Revised Edition. New York: DaCapo Press. Oxford English Dictionary, Vol. I (1989). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meissner, W. W. (1978). The paranoid process. New York: Jason Aronson.

  • Meissner, W. W. (1988). The cult phenomenon and the paranoid process. In L. B. Boyer & S. A. Grolnick, (Eds.), The psychoanalytic study of society, 12, 69–95.

  • Miller, D. (1975). Adolescent murderers. Unpublished paper, presented at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan.

  • Money-Kyrle, R. E. (1941). The psychology of propaganda. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 19, 82–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostow, M. (1996). Myth and madness: The psychodynamics of anti-Semitism. New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, H. (1942). The community of daydreams. In The creative unconscious. Cambridge, MA.: Sci-Arts Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidlinger, S. (1967). The concept of regression in group therapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 18, 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shengold, L. (1967). The effects of overstimulation: Rat People. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 48, 403–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shengold, L. (1971). More about rats and rat people. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 52, 277–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shengold, L. (1982). Anal erogeneity: The goose and the rat. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 63, 331–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmel, E. (1946). Anti-Semitism and mass psychopathology. In E. Simmel, (Ed.), Anti-Semitism: A social disease. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trachtenberg, J. (1944). The devil and the Jews: The medieval conception of the Jews and its relation to modern anti-Semitism. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Victor, G. (1997). Personal communication.

  • Volkan, V. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, D. (1983). Propaganda and the German cinema: 1933-1945. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zillmer, E. A., Harrower, M., Ritzler, B. A., & Archer, R. P. (1995). The quest for the Nazi personality: A psychological investigation of Nazi war criminals. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hartman, J.J. A Psychoanalytic View of Racial Myths in a Nazi Propaganda Film: Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew). Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 2, 329–346 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010174405950

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010174405950

Navigation