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Creatures: Entertainment Software Agents with Artificial Life

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Abstract

We present a technical description of Creatures, a commercial home-entertainment software package. Creatures provides a simulated environment in which exist a number of synthetic agents that a user can interact with in real-time. The agents (known as “creatures”) are intended as sophisticated “virtual pets”. The internal architecture of the creatures is strongly inspired by animal biology. Each creature has a neural network responsible for sensory-motor coordination and behavior selection, and an “artificial biochemistry” that models a simple energy metabolism along with a “hormonal” system that interacts with the neural network to model diffuse modulation of neuronal activity and staged ontogenetic development. A biologically inspired learning mechanism allows the neural network to adapt during the lifetime of a creature. Learning includes the ability to acquire a simple verb–object language.

Additionally, both the network architecture and details of the biochemistry for a creature are specified by a variable-length “genetic” encoding, allowing for evolutionary adaptation through sexual reproduction. Creatures, available on Windows95 platforms since late 1996, offers users an opportunity to engage with Artificial Life technologies. In addition to describing technical details, this paper concludes with a discussion of the scientific implications of the system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CyberLife Technology Ltd, Quayside, Bridge Street, Cambridge, CB5 8AB, UK

    Stephen Grand

  2. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Dave Cliff

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  1. Stephen Grand
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  2. Dave Cliff
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Grand, S., Cliff, D. Creatures: Entertainment Software Agents with Artificial Life. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 1, 39–57 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010042522104

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