References
Kulakowski P. Clinical utility of signal-averaged electrocardiography. CEPR 1997;3:321-324.
Breithardt G, Borggrefe M. Pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical significance of ventricular late potentials. Eur Heart J 1986;7:364-385.
Gomes JA, Winters SL, Steward D, Horowitz S, Milner M, Barreca P. A new noninvasive index to predict sustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden death in the first year after myocardial infarction: Based on signal-averaged electrocardiogram, radionuclide ejection fraction and Holter monitoring. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;10:349-357.
Kuchar DL, Thorburn CW, Sammel NL. Prediction of serious arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction; signal-averaged electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring and radionuclide ventriculography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:531-538.
Cripps T, Bennett ED, Camm AJ, Ward DE. High gain signal-averaged electrocardiogram combined with 24 hour monitoring in patients early after myocardial infarction for bedside prediction of arrhythmic events. Br Heart J 1988;60:181-187.
Verzoni A, Romano S, Pozzoni L, Tarricone D, Sangiorgio S, Croce L. Prognostic significance and evolution of late ventricular potentials in the first year after myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989;12:41-51.
El-Sherif N, Ursell SN, Bekheit S, Fontaine J, Turitto G, Henkin R, Caref EB. Prognostic significance of the signal-averaged ECG depends on the time of recording in the postinfarction period. Am Heart J 1989;118:256-264.
Malik M, Kulakowski P, Odemuyiwa O, Poloniecki J, Staunton A, Millane T, Farrell T, Camm AJ. Effect of thrombolytic therapy on the predictive value of signal-averaged electrocardiography after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:21-25.
Pedretti R, Etro MD, Laporta A, Braga SS, Caru B. Prediction of late arrhythmic events after acute myocardial infarction from combined use of noninvasive prognostic variables and inducibility of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:1131-1141.
Strasberg B, Abboud S, Kusniec J, Inbar S, Zafrir N, Mager A, Sagie A, Sclarovsky S. Prediction of arrhythmic events after acute myocardial infarction using two methods for late potentials recording. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1993;16:2118-2126.
McClements BM, Adgey AAJ. Value of signal-averaged electrocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, Holter monitoring and clinical variables for prediction of arrhythmic events in survivors of acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1419-1427.
Denes P, El-Sherif N, Katz R, Capone R, Carlson M, Mitchell LB, Ledingham R, for the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) SAECG Substudy Investigators. Prognostic significance of signal-averaged electrocardiogram after thrombolytic therapy and/or angioplasty during acute myocardial infarction (CAST Substudy). Am J Cardiol 1994;74:216-220.
Makijarvi M, Fetsch T, Reinhardt L, Martinez-Rubio A, Shenasa M, Borggrefe M, Breithardt G, for the Post-Infarction Late Potential (PILP) study. Comparison and combination of late potentials and spectral turbulence analysis to predict arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction in the Post-Infarction Late Potential (PILP) study. Eur Heart J 1995;16:651-659.
Bloomfield DM, Snyder JE, Steinberg JS. A critical appraisal of quantitative spectro-temporal analysis of the signal-averaged ECG: Predicting arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19:768-777.
Fetsch T, Reinhardt L, Borggrefe M, et al. The role of ventricular late potentials for risk stratification in a postinfarction population with reduced left ventricular function: Results from EMIAT. Circulation 1997;96:I-459 (Abstract).
Zimmerman M, Sentici A, Adamec R, Metzger J, Mermillod B, Rutishauser W. Long-term prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials after a first acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1997;134:1019-1028.
El-Harari MB, Adams PC, Albers C, Bourke JP. Should routine evaluation of ventricular tachyarrhythmic risk be abandoned in post-infarction patients in the late 1990s? Eur Heart J 1998;19:79 (Abstract).
Reinhardt L, Makijarvi M, Fetsch T, et al. Non-invasive risk modeling after acute myocardial infarction based on heart rate variability and time domain analysis of the signal-averaged ECG. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20 (Part II): 1070(Abstract).
Raviele A, Bongiorni MG, Brignole M, Cappato R, Capucci A, Gaita F, Mangiameli S, Montenero A, Pedretti R, Salerno J, Sermasi S: Which strategy is “best” after myocardial infarction? The beta-blocker Strategy plus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Trial: Rationale and study design. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:104D-111D.
Dinamit (Defibrillator in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial). Study protocol, March 6, 1998.
Bigger JT for the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch Trial Investigators. Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1569-1575.
Cook, JR, Flack JE, Gregory CA, Deaton DW, Rousou JA, Engelman RM, for The CABG Patch Trial. Influence of the preoperative signal-averaged electrocardiogram on left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:285-289.
Epstein AE, Dailey SM, Shepard RB, Kirk KA, Kay GN, Plumb VJ. Inability of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram to determine risk of arrhythmia recurrence in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1991;14:1169-1178.
Zareba W, Steinberg JS, Moss AJ, Heo M, F.I. Marcus for the MADIT Investigators. Signal-averaged ECG in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT). J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:31A (Abstract).
Mehta D, Goldman M, David O, Gomes JA. Value of quantitative measurement of signal-averaged electrocardiographic variables in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: Correlation with echocardiographic right ventricular cavity dimensions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:713-719.
Grimm W, Hoffman J, Knop U, Winzenburg J, Menz V, Maisch B. Value of time-and frequency-domain analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiography for arrhythmia risk prediction in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19[Pt II]:1923-1927.
Gang Yi, Keeling PJ, Hnatkova K, Goldman JH, Malik M, McKenna WJ. Usefulness of signal-averaged electrocardiography in evaluation of idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy in families. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:1203-1207.
La Vecchia L, Ometto R, Bedogni F, et al. Ventricular late potentials, interstitial fibrosis, and right ventricular function in patients with ventricular tachycardia and normal left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:790-792.
Dubrey SW, Bilazarian S, LaValley M, Reisinger J, Skinner M, Falk RH. Signal-averaged electrocardiography in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis. Am Heart J 1997;134:994-1001.
Kontoyannis SA., Kontoyannis DA, Zaga A, et al. Atrial and ventricular late potentials in collagen diseases. Circulation 1997;96:I-652 (Abstract).
Beauregard LA, Waxman HL, Volosin R, Volosin KJ, Kurnik PB. Signal-averaged ECG prior to and serially after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19:883-889.
Peters W, Kowallik P, Wilhelm K, Meesmann M. Evolution of late potentials during the first 8 hours of myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19[Pt II]:1918-1922.
Kontoyannis DA, Nanas JN, Kontoyannis SA, Kalabalikis AK, Moulopoulos SD. Evolution of late potential parameters in thrombolyzed acute myocardial infarction might predict patency of the infarct-related artery. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:570-574.
Kulakowski P, Karpinski G, Szymot J, Ceremuzynski L. Signal-averaged ECG in non-invasive assessment of reperfusion in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. A. N. E. (In press).
Kavesh NG, Cain ME, Ambos HD, Arthur RM. Enhanced detection of distinguishing features in signal-averaged electrocardiograms from patients with ventricular tachycardia by combined spatial and spectral analyses of entire cardiac cycle. Circulation 1994;90:254-263.
Terui K, Nakai K, Shoubuzawa M, et al. Newly developed technique for detecting intra-QRS potentials using finit impulse response filter was useful for predicting ventricular tachycardia in patients with myocardial infarction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1999;22(Part II):787 (Abstract).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulakowski, P. Ventricular Signal Averaging: Is It Completely Dead?. Card Electrophysiol Rev 3, 264–268 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009963817163
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009963817163