Bibliography
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992;20:864–874.
Bone RC, Fisher CJ, Clemmer TP. A controlled clinical trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 1987;317:653–659.
Deitch EA, Winterton J, Bey R. The gut as the portal of entry for bacteremia. Ann Surg 1987;205: 681–692.
Dinarello CA, Cannon JG, Wolff SM. Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin-1. J Exp Med 1986; 163:1433–1450.
Fisher CJ Jr, Dhainaut JF, Opal SM, et al. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trail. JAMA 1994;271:1836–1843.
Fry D, Pearlstein L, Fulton R. Multiple system organ failure. The role of uncontrolled infection. Arch Surg 1980;115:136–140.
Greenman RL, Schein RMH, Martin MA. A controlled clinical trial of E5 murine monoclonal IgM antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. JAMA 1881;266:1097–1102.
Hack CE, DeGroot ER, Felt-Bersma RJF, Nuijem JH, Stack van Schijundel RS, Erenberg-Belmer AJ: Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis. Blood 1989;74:1704–1710.
Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. Prognosis in acute organ-system failure. Ann Surg 1985;202:685–693.
Matuschak GM, Rinaldo JE. Organ interactions in the adult respiratory distress syndrome during sepsis. Role of the liver in host defense. Chest 1988;94:400–406.
Pinsky MR, Matuschak GM. Multiple systems organ failure: a unifying hypothesis. J Crit Care 1990;5:108–114.
Pinsky MR, Vincent JL, Deviere J, Alegre M, Kahn R, Dupont E. Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock: Relation to multiple systems organ failure and mortality. Chest 1993;103: 565–575.
Rosenbloom A, Pinsky MR, Bryant JL, Shin A, Tran T, Whiteside T. Leukocyte activation in the peripheral blood of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and SIRS: Correlation with serum interleukin-6 levels and organ dysfunction. JAMA 1995;274:58–65.
Wenzel RP, Pinsky MR, Ulevitch RJ, Young L. Current Understanding of Sepsis. Clin Infectious Diseases 1996;22:407–413.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pinsky, M.R. Measuring the Biological Efficacy of Mediator-Directed Therapy. Sepsis 1, 65–67 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009723604209
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009723604209