Abstract
Molecular Designed Dispersion (MDD) of metal complexes on a highly porous support is a novel synthesis method to prepare high quality heterogeneous catalysts. The process basically consists of two steps: (1) the anchoring of the complex onto the support in a controlled way and (2) the mild oxidation of the grafted complex towards catalytically active metal-oxide surface structures.
This article presents two typical case studies: (1) the incorporation of cationic Cu-complexes in a H-ZSM-5 zeolite from the liquid phase and (2) the gas phase modification of pure silica MCM-48, using the VO(acac)2 complex. In both cases, superior catalysts are obtained. Detailed chemical, physical and catalytical analyses of these catalysts are discussed in the text. Comparison is made with analogous catalysts, prepared by conventional methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.G. White, Catal. Today 18(1), 73-109 (1993).
P. Van Der Voort, M.B. Mitchell, E.F. Vansant, and M.G. White, Interface Science 5, 179 (1997).
P. Van Der Voort, M. Baltes, E.F. Vansant, and M.G. White, Interface Science 5, 209 (1997).
A. Zippert and M.G. White, in Meetings of the ACS (ACS Preprints-Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Chicago, IL, 1993), pp. 872-875.
J.A. Bertrand, D.A. Bruce, and M.G. White, AIChE Journal 39 (12), 1966 (1993).
H.N. Choksi, J.A. Bertrand, and M.G. White, J. Catalysis 164, 484-489 (1996).
L.D. Rollmann and E.W. Valyocsik, “Zeolite moleculear sieves,” Inorganic Synthesis (John Wiley and Sons, 1981), vol. 22, p. 67.
T. Masuda, A. Sato, H. Hara, M. Kouno, and K. Hasimoto, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 111, 143 (1994).
D.W. Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure, Chemistry and Use (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1974); A. Dyer, An Introduction to Zeolite Molecular Sieves (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1988); R. Szostak, Molecular Sieves: Principles of Synthesis and Identification (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1989).
N. Herron, Inorg. Chem. 25, 4741 (1986).
C. Bowers and P.K. Dutta, J. Catal. 122, 271 (1990).
D.A. Bruce, J.A. Bertrand, P.S.E. Dai, M.L. Occelli, R. Petty, and M.G. White, in Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by M. Scaros (Marcell Dekker, New York, 1994), pp. 545-552.
D.A. Bruce, A.P. Wilkinson, M.G. White, and J.A. Bertrand, J. Chem. Comm., Royal Society of Chemistry Journal, 2059-2060 (1995).
D.A. Bruce, A.P. Wilkinson, M.G. White, and J.A. Bertrand, J. of Solid State Chemistry 125, 228-233 (1996).
J.A. Bertrand, D.A. Bruce, A.P. Wilkinson, P.S.E. Dai, R.H. Petty, and M.G. White, in Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by Russel E. Malz, Jr. (Marcel Dekker, 1996), p. 435.
T. Kokfe, J. Gricus, R.J. Gorte, and W.E. Farneth, J. Catal. 114, 34-45 (1988).
M. Iwamoto, H. Yahiron, K. Tanda, N. Mizuno, Y. Mine, and S. Kagawa, J. Phys. Chem. 95(9), 3727 (1991).
W. Geilmann and A. Voight, Z. Anorg. Chem. 193, 311 (1930).
A.W. Aylor, S.C. Larsen, J.A. Reimer, and A.T. Bell, J. Catal. 157, 592 (1995).
C. Marquez-Alvarez, G.S. McDougall, A. Guerrero-Ruiz, and I. Rodrigues-Ramos, Appl. Surf. Sci 78, 477 (1994).
A. Miyamoto, H. Himei, Y. Oka, E. Maruya, M. Katagiri, R. Vetrivel, and M. Kubo, Catal. Today 22, 87 (1994).
S.N.R. Rao, Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology (1996).
Y. Li and W.K. Hall, J. Catal. 129, 202 (1991).
C.T. Kresge, M.E. Leonwicz, W.J. Roth, J. Vartuli, and J.S. Beck, Nature 359, 710 (1992).
C.T. Kresge, M.E. Leonwicz, W.J. Roth, J. Vartuli, and J.S. Beck, U.S. Patent 5,098,684.
C.F. Cheng, D.H. Park, and J. Klinowski, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 93, 193 (1997).
A. Moonier, F. Schuth, Q. Huo, D. Kumar, D. Margolese, R.S. Maxwell, G.D. Stucky, M. Krisnaumurty, P. Petroff, A. Firouzi, M. Janicke, and B.F. Chmelka, Science 261, 1299 (1993).
K.J. Edler, P.A. Reynolds, J.W. White, and D. Cookson, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 93, 199 (1997).
C.F. Cheng, W. Zhou, D.H. Park, J. Klinowski, M. Hargreaves, and L.F. Gladder, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 93, 359 (1997).
J. Rathousky, A. Zukal, O. Franke, and G. Schulz-Elkoff, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 90, 2821 (1994).
C.Y. Chen, S.L. Burkett, H.X. Li, and M.E. Davis, Microporous Materials 2, 27 (1993).
Q. Huo, R. Leon, P.M. Petroff, and G.D. Stucky, Science 268, 1324 (1995).
M. Morey, A. Davidson, H. Eckert, and G.D. Stucky, Chem. Mat. 8, 486 (1996).
P. Van Der Voort, K. Possemiers, and E.F. Vansant, J. Chem. Soc Faraday Trans. 92, 843 (1996).
P. Van Der Voort, I.V. Babitch, P.J. Grobet, A.A. Verberckmoes, and E.F. Vansant, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 3635 (1996).
P. Van Der Voort, M.G. White, M.B. Mitchell, A.A. Verberckmoes, and E.F. Vansant, Spectrochimica Acta A 53, 2181-2187 (1997).
E.P. Barret, L.G. Joyner, and P.P. Halenda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 373 (1951).
J.C. Vartuli, K.D. Schmitt, C.T. Kresge, W.J. Rath, M.E. Leonowicz, S.B. McCullen, S.D. Helrring, J.S. Beck, J.L. Schlenker, D.H. Olson, and E.W. Sheppart, in Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials, edited by J. Weitkamp, H.G. Karge, H. Pfeifer, and W. Holderich, Studies in Science and Catalysis, 84 (Elsevier Science, 1994).
E.F. Vansant, P. Van Der Voort, and K.C. Vrancken, Characterization and Chemical Modification of the Silica Surface, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 93 (Elsevier Science, 1995).
P. Van Der Voort, M. Morey, G.D. Stucky, M. Mathieu, and E.F. Vansant, J. Phys. Chem. B. 102, 585-590 (1998).
E. Alami, G. Beinert, P. Marie, and R. Zana, Langmuir 9, 1465 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Van Der Voort, P., Mathieu, M., Vansant, E. et al. Molecular Dispersion of Metal Complexes within Zeolitic Solids: An Alternative Way to Prepare Supported MOx Catalysts. Journal of Porous Materials 5, 305–316 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009642507133
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009642507133