Abstract
Within Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotical theory, twodifferent kinds of creative metaphorical reasoning inscience can be identified. One of these, the buildingof remainder metaphors, is especially important forcreating new scientific models. We show that theconveyor belt metaphor provides an excellent examplefor Peirce's theory. The conveyor belt metaphor hasrecently been invented in order to describe theoceanic transport system. The paradigm of the oceanicconveyor belt strongly influenced the geosciencecommunity and the climate change discussion. Afteridentifying structures of metaphorical reasoning inscience (section 2), these structures are examined insection 3 for the conveyor belt metaphor in the fieldof oceanography. Finally, concluding remarks are givenin section 4.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Black, M.: 1954, Metaphor. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol. 55, pp. 273-294.
Broecker, W.S.: 1987, The Biggest Chill. Natural History 97(2): 74-82.
Broecker, W.S.: 1991, The Great Ocean Conveyor. Oceanography 4(2): 79-89.
Broecker, W.S.: 1997, Will Our Ride into the Greenhouse Future be a Smooth One? GSA Today 7(5): 1-7; Internet Edition: pp. 1-12 (http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/gsatoday/gsat9705.htm).
Broecker, W.S. and T.-S. Peng: 1982, Tracers in the sea. Palisades, NY: Eldigio Press.
Broecker, W.S. and T. Takahashi: 1984, Is There a Tie between Atmospheric CO2 and Ocean Circulation? In J.E. Hansen (ed.), Climate Progress and Climate Sensitivity. New York: Geophysical Monograph, 314-326.
Broecker, W.S. et al.: 1985, Does the Ocean-atmosphere System Have More than One Stable Mode of Operation? Nature 315: 21-26.
Brüning, R.: 1999, Entstehung des Neuen: Peirce' Konzept der Abduktion, das Allgemeine Korrespondenzprinzip und Metaphern in der Wissenschaft. Historische Fallstudie: Die Förderbandmetapher in der Ozeanographie. Möckmühl: MK — Verlag.
Bryan, F.: 1986, High Latitude Salinity Effects and Inter-hemispheric Thermohaline Circulations. Nature 323: 301-304.
Chamberlin, T.C.: 1906, On a Possible Reversal of Deep-sea Circulation and its Influence on Geologic Climates. The Journal of Geology July–August: 363-373.
Gordon, A.L.: 1986, Interocean Exchange of Thermocline Water. Geophys. Res. 91(C4): 5037-5046.
von Humboldt, A.: 1814, Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent, vol. 1. English translation, London: H.M. Williams, 60-69.
von Lenz, E.: 1847a, Report on Ocean Temperatures in Different Depth. Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, 3Suppl., pp. 11-12.
von Lenz, E.: 1847b, Bemerkungen über die Temperatur des Weltmeeres in verschiedenen Tiefen. Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 5: 67-74.
Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer: 1988, Two Stable Equilibria of a Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Model. J. Climate 1: 841-863.
Merz, A. and G. Wüst: 1922, Die atlantische Vertikalzirkulation. Zeitschr. Ges. f. Erdkunde: 1-35.
Miller, A.I.: 1995, Imagery and Metaphor: The Cognitive Science Connection. In Z. Radman (ed.), From a Metaphorical Point of View: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Cognitive Context of Metaphor. Berlin, De Gruyter, 199-224.
Peirce, C.S.: 1974, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Volume I–VI, C. Hartshorne and P. Weiss (eds.), Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Havard University Press
Peirce, C.S.: 1979, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Volume VII–VIII, A.W. Burks (ed.). Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Havard University Press.
Rahmstorf, S.: 1999, Shifting Seas in the Greenhouse? Nature 399: 523-524.
Rooth, C.: 1982, Hydrology and Ocean Circulation. Prog. Oceanog 11: 131-149.
Rumford, B., Count of: 1800, Essay VII, The Propagation of Heat in Fluids. In J. Cadell and W. Davies (eds.), Essays, Political, Economical, and Philosophical, a new Edition, 2, London, 197-386.
Stommel, H.: 1961, Thermohaline Convection with Two Stable Regimes of Flow. Tellus 13: 224-230.
Strub, C.: 1991, Kalkulierte Absurditäten. Freiburg: Alber.
Strub, C.: 1994, Peirce über Metaphern. In H. Pape (ed.), Kreativität und Logik, Charles S. Peirce und das philosophische Problem des Neuen. Frankfurt a.M., 209-232.
Warren, B.A. and C. Wunsch: 1981, Evolution of Physical Oceanography. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Wüst, G.: 1935, Die Stratosphäre des Atlantischen Ozeans. Wiss. Erg. d. D. A. E. ‘Meteor’ 1925–1927 6(2): 1-288.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brüning, R., Lohmann, G. Charles S. Peirce on Creative Metaphor: A Case Study on the Conveyor Belt Metaphor in Oceanography. Foundations of Science 4, 389–403 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009639700707
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009639700707