Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brightness Reversion of Mechanical Pulps. Part XVII: Diffuse Reflectance Study on Brightness Stabilization by Additives Under Various Atmospheres

  • Published:
Cellulose Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Brightness reversion of softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) bleached chemithermomechanical pulps (BCTMP) with a 300–400 nm light source under argon, oxygen, and air were studied in the absence and presence of UV-screens using UV–Vis reflectance difference spectroscopy. The UV-Vis difference absorption spectra of control SW and HW BCTMP testsheets indicate that as the concentration of atmospheric oxygen is increased, the absorption at λmax ≈ 360 nm increases and a blue shift occurs. In all of the cases studied, brightness reversion was observed to occur under an argon atmosphere. The addition of benzophenone and benzotriazole additives to BCTMP testsheets resulted in a significant decrease in formation of chromophores absorbed at ∼ 400 nm and ∼ 360 nm. The possible mechanisms contributing to these effects are discussed in terms of the photoformation of lignin chromophoric structures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal, U.P. (1999) On the importance of hydroquinione/p-quinone redox system in the photoyellowing of mechanical pulps. In: Conf. Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Wood Pulping Chem. 1, 694-697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Annergren, G. (1996) Strength properties and characteristics of bleached chemical and (chemi)mechanical pulps. In: Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice (C. Dence and D. Reeve, eds). TAPPI Press, Atlanta, pp. 717-748.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barclay, L.R.C., Grandy, J.K., MacKinnon, H.D., Nichol, H.C. and Vinqvist, M.R. (1998) Canadian J. Chem. 76, 1805-1816.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, K. (1993) In: Plastics Additives Handbook. (R. Gächter and H. Müller, eds). Cincinnati: Hanser/Gardner, pp. 775-789.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, M., Koch, H. and Fischer, K. (1995) Photoyellowing of high-yield pulps-looking for oxygen radicals. In: Conf. Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Wood and Pulping Chem. June 6-9, Helsinki, Finland, 3, 5-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellan, A., Colombo, N., Cucuphat, C. and Fornier de Violet, P. (1989) Photodegradation of lignin: Photochemical study of a phenolic α-carbonyl β-O-4 lignin model dimer 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy alpha-(2'-methoxyphenoxy)-acetophenone. Holzforschung 43, 179-185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellan, A., Colombo, N., Nourmamode, A., Zhu, J. H. and Lachenal, D. (1990) Discoloration of alpha-carbonyl-free lignin model compounds under UV light exposure. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 10, 461-493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellan, A., Nourmamode, A., Jaeger, C. and Forsskahl, I. (1993) Photochemistry of methoxy-p-benzoquinone and methoxyhydroquinone in solid 2-hydroxypropyl cellulose films and on filter paper: UV/Vis (UV/visible light) absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies. Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J. 8, 239-244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellan, A., Notary, C. and Davidson, R.S. (1994) Attempts to photostabilize paper made from high-yield pulp by application of UV screens containing groups to aid their compatibility with cellulose and lignin. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, Chem. 84, 311-316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, C.M. and Ragauskas, A.J. (1997) Brightness reversion of mechanical pulps Part IX: Investigation of synergistic photostabilization methods for high-yield pulps. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 104, 217-224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunkle, G., Seltzer, R., Wolf, J.-P., McGarry, P., Yuan, Z., Heitner, C. and Schmidt, J. (1999) Inhibition of brightness reversion of mechanical pulps. Conf. Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Wood Pulping Chem. 1, 718-721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, R.S., Dunn, L., Castellan, A. and Nourmamode, A. (1995) Attempts to photostabilize paper made from high-yield pulp by application of UV screens and control of pH. Photobiol. A Chem. 86, 275-282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Destine, J.-N., Wang, J. Heitner, C. and John Manley, R. St. (1996) Photodegradation of milled wood lignin: Role of oxygen. J Pulp Paper Sci. 22, J24-J30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornier de Violet, P., Nourmamode, A., Colombo, N., Zhu, J. and Castellan, A. (1990) Photochemical brightness reversion of peroxide-bleached mechanical pulps in the presence of various additives. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 24, 225-235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsskahl, I. and Janson, J. (1991) Irradiation of mechanical pulps with monochromatic light at selected wavelengths. In: Appita 6th Int. Symp. on Wood Pulping Chem. Proc., Melbourne, 1, 255-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsskahl, I. and Tylli, H. (1993) Action spectra in the UV and visible region of lightinduced changes of various refiner pulps. In: Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Material (C. Heitner and J.C. Scaiano (eds)). American Chemical Society, Washington, vol. 15, pp. 45-59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gay, J.-P., Al-Simaani, M. and Sharman, P. (1996) Making sense of the maze; Guide to pulp and paper printing/writing grades. Int. Papermaker 59, 22-26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellerstedt, G. and Zhang, L. (1992) Formation and reactions of leucochromophoric structures in high-yield pulping. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 12, 387-412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratzl, J.S. (1985) Light-induced yellowing of pulps-Cause and prevention. Das Papier 39, V14-V19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitner, C. (1993) Inhibition of light-induced yellowing of lignin-containing paper. In: Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials (C. Heitner and J.C. Scaiano, eds). American Chemical Society, Washington. vol. 15, pp. 192-204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitner, C. (1996) Chemistry of brightness reversion and its control. Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice (C. Dence and D. Reeve, eds), TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 183-212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hon, D.N.-S. (1992) Thermomechanical pulp and light: Photoactivity of alpha-carbonyl group in solid lignin. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 12, 179-196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, C., Nourmamode, A., and Castellan, A. (1993) Photodegradation of lignin: photochemical study of phenolic coniferyl alcohol lignin model molecules. Holzforschung 47, 375-390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janson, J., Forsskahl, I. and Korhonen, T. (1995) Polymers that prevent yellowing of paper. Conf. Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem., Helsinki, Finland, 451-458.

  • Jovanoic, S.V., Renaud, J., Beristain, A.B. and Scaiano, J.C. (1995) Kinetics of the reactions of methoxy-substituted phenacyl radicals. Can. J. Chem. 73, 223-231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubelka, P. and Munk F.Z. (1931) Ein. Beitrag zur Optik der Farbanstriche. Tech. Phys. 12, 593-604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, G.J. (1968) Yellowing of wood by light. Tappi 51, 257-260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, G.J. (1994) Recent progress in understanding and inhibiting the light-induced yellowing of mechanical pulps. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 20, J154-J160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennholm, H., Rosenqvist, M., Ek, M. and Iversen, T. (1994) Photoyellowing of groundwood pulps. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 9, 10-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leigh, W.J., Lewis, J., Lin, V. and Postigo, J. A. (1996) The Photochemistry of 3',4,4'-tetramethoxy-and 4-hydroxy-3,3',4'-trimethoxystilbene-models for stilbene chromophores in peroxide-bleached, high-yield wood pulps. Canadian J. Chem. 74, 263-275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, C. and Ragauskas, A.J. (1999) Brightness reversion of mechanical pulps Part XIII: photoinduced degradation of lignin on cellulose matrix. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 19, 43-60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucia, L.A., Ragauskas, A.J., Li, C., and Paulsson, M. (1999) Photoyellowing of acetylated high-yield pulps under ambient, oxygen, and argon atmospheres. In: Conf. Proc. 10th Int Symp Wood and Pulping Chem. Yokohama, Japan, 722-727.

  • Moore, D.B. and Argyropoulos, D.S. (1999) Determination of peroxygen species present in pulp fiber matrixes. Analytical Chem. 71, 109-114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, X., Harvey, L.C. and Ragauskas, A.J. (1996) Brightness reversion of mechanical pulps: Cooperative photostabilization approaches for high-yield pulps. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 22, J135-J140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragauskas, A.J. (1993) Photoreactivity of lignin like quinoid structures. In: Photochemistry of LignocellulosicMaterials, (C. Heitner and J.C. Scaiano, eds). American Chemical Society, Washington, vol. 8, pp. 77-85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robert, S. and Daneault, C. (1995) Yellowing mechanism and kinetics of thick handsheets of softwood TMP. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 15, 113-133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A. and Heitner, C. (1991) Light-induced yellowing of mechanical and ultrahigh-yield pulps. (1). Effect of methylation, sodium borohydride reduction, and ascorbic acid on chromophore formation. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 11, 397-418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A. and Heitner, C. (1993) Use of UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for chromophore research on wood fibers: Review. Tappi J. 76, 117-123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A. and Heitner, C. (1995) Light-induced yellowing of mechanical and ultrahigh-yield pulps; Comparison of softwood TMP, softwood CTMP, and aspen (Populus tremuloides) CTMP. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 15, 223-245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.A. and Heitner, C. (1997) Inhibition of light-induced yellowing of lignin-containing pulps; UV-visible difference spectra as a probe of the inhibition mechanism. Conf. Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Wood Pulp. Chem. Montreal, Canada, 98-1-98-4.

  • TAPPI Test Methods (1996) 1996-1997, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA.

  • Tachibana, S. (1998) Light-induced color reversion of mechanical pulps and its prevention Japan Tappi J. 52, 102-110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takagi, H., Forsskahl, I., Perakyla, H., Omori, S. and Dence, C.W. (1990) Studies on the mechanism of the photoyellowing of bleached mechanical and chemimechanical pulps. (1). Role of singlet oxygen. Holzforschung 44, 217-222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trichet, V., Grelier, S., Castellan, A., Choudhury, H. and Davidson, R.S. (1996) Attempt to photostabilize paper made from high-yield pulp by application of UV screens in conjunction with thiols. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 95, 181-188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, H.H. and Murry, R.W. (1979) Singlet Oxygen. Academic Press, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weir, N.A., Arct, J. and Ceccarelli, A. (1995) Photodegradation of lignin model compounds. Part 2-substituted stilbenes. Poly. Degr. Stab. 47, 289-297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Akker, J.A., Lewis, H.F., Jones, G.W. and Buchanan M.A. (1949) The nature of the color changes in groundwood. Tappi 32 (4), 187-192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanucci, C., De Violet, F., Bouas-Laurent, H. and Castellan, A. (1988) A photophysical and photochemical study of non-phenolic α-carbonyl β-O-4 lignin model dimer 3,4-dimethoxy-α-(2'-methoxyphenoxy)acetophenone. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 41, 251-265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L. and Gellerstedt, G. (1998) Quinone formation and their contribution to photoyellowing in lignin. 5th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp Proceedings, Portugal, 285-289.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, USA

    Cang Li & Arthur J. Ragauskas

Authors
  1. Cang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arthur J. Ragauskas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Li, C., Ragauskas, A.J. Brightness Reversion of Mechanical Pulps. Part XVII: Diffuse Reflectance Study on Brightness Stabilization by Additives Under Various Atmospheres. Cellulose 7, 369–385 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009298008276

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009298008276

Search

Navigation