Abstract
Transformation of native cellulose species into cellulose-II polymorph through the additive Knecht compound formed under the action of 68.5% nitric acid has been studied. Probable causes of peculiar temperature effects in the course of phase transformations taking place in cellulose of various origin, crystallite dispersity, or morphologic structure are discussed. The processes of hydrolytic destruction and esterification of starting materials during their ‘mercerization’ by this non-traditional agent at 20 °C and 0 °C are quantitatively characterized. In the case of mercerization of wood microcrystalline cellulose at 20 °C a decrystallizing effect due to side reactions of partial nitration is noted.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andress, K. R. (1928) About the action of moderately concentrated nitric acid on cellulose (Ger.). Z. Phys. Chem. 136, 279-288.
Battista, O. A. (1975) Microcrystal Polymer Science. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Cheronis, N. D. and Ma, T. S. (1964) Organic Functional Group Analysis by Micro and Semi-micro Methods. New York, Interscience.
Gert, E. V., Shishonok, M. V., Torgashov, V. I. and Kaputskii, F. N. (1990) Crystallization of amorphous cellulose in the form of inclusion compounds. J. Polym. Sci. Part C: Polym. Lett. 28, 163-166.
Gert, E. V. (1996) Possibilities of nitric acid preparation of powder cellulose forms. Cellulose 3, 217-228.
Gert, E. V. (1997) Labile products of interaction of cellulose with nitrogen oxide compounds. Russian Chem. Rev. 66, 73-92.
Gess, K. (1928) Chemistry of cellulose and concomitant substances (Ger.). Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H.
Ioelovich, M. Ya. and Veveris, G. P. (1983) Cellulose-II content determination by X-ray internal standard method (Russ.), Khimiya drevesiny 2, 10-14.
Ioelovich, M. Ya. and Veveris, G. P. (1985) Studies on sizes and defects of crystalline areas in cellulose (Russ.), Khimiya drevesiny 6, 30-34.
Ioelovich, M. Ya. (1991) Effects of dispersity of cellulose crystalline areas on their phase transitions under the action of hydroxide solutions (Russ.). In Delignification and Cellulose Chemistry. Riga, Zinatne Publ., pp. 62-70.
Ioelovich, M. Ya. and Veveris, G. P. (1991) Investigation of regularities in phase transitions of crystalline areas in cellulose under the action of nitric acid solutions (Russ.). In Delignification and Cellulose Chemistry. Riga, Zinatne Publ., pp. 114-120.
Knecht, E. (1904) About a labile cellulose nitrate (Ger.), Ber. 37, 549-552.
Nikitin, N. I. (1962) Wood and cellulose chemistry (Russ.). Moscow-Leningrad, USSR Acad. Sci. Publ.
Papkov, S. P. and Fainberg, E. Z. (1976) Interaction of cellulose and cellulosic materials with water (Russ.). Moscow, Khimiya Publ.
Rydholm, S. A. (1965) Pulping processes. Interscience Publ.
Warwicker, J. O. (1974) Swelling (Russ.). In Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. N. M. Bikales and L. Segal (eds) vol. 1. Moscow, Mir Publ., pp. 235-278.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gert, E.V., Morales, A.S., Zubets, O.V. et al. The features of nitric acid ‘mercerization’ of cellulose. Cellulose 7, 57–66 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009206113613
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009206113613