Abstract
Vapour phase butylation of phenol was carried out over a sulfated zirconia solid superacid catalyst in the temperature range 448–473 K using t-butyl alcohol as the alkylating agent. A good substrate (phenol) conversion and excellent product (para-tertiary BP) selectivity was obtained. The catalytic activity remains nearly the same on repeated use of the catalyst. Further, the catalyst was not deactivated when the reaction was carried out for a longer duration, i.e., even after several hours of reaction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.H. Patinuin andB.S. Friedman, in: Alkylation of Aromatics with Alkenes and Alkanes in Friedel Crafts and Related Reactions, Vol. 3, ed. G.A. Olah (Interscience, New York, 1964) p. 75.
J.F. Lorenc,G. Lambeth andW. Scheffer, in: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 2, eds. M. Howe-Grant andJ.I. Kroschwitz (Wiley, New York, 1992) p. 113.
A.J. Kolka,J.P. Napolitano andG.G. Elike, J. Org. Chem. 21 (1956) 712.
S. Subramanian,A. Mitra,C.V.V. Satyanarayana andD.K. Chakrabarty, Appl. Catal. A 159 (1997) 229.
K. Kanekichi and T. Yasuo, Jpn. Patent 75 112 325 (1975).
C.D. Chan and S.D. Hellring, US Patent 5 288 927 (1994).
M. Yamamoto and A. Akyama, Jpn. Patent 6 122 639 (1994).
A.U.B. Queiroz and L.T. Aikawa, Fr. Patent 2 694 000 (1994).
E.M. Viorica, E.S.A. Meroiu, H. Justin, O. Maria and C. Eleonora, Rom. Patent 73 994 (1981).
R.A. Rajadhyakasha andD.D. Chaudhari, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26 (1987) 1276.
A. Corma,H. Garcia andJ. Primo, J. Chem. Res. (s) (1988) 40.
K. Zhang,C. Huang,H. Zhang,S. Xiang,S. Liu,D. Xu andH. Li, Appl. Catal. A 166 (1998) 89.
A. Sakthivel,S.K. Badamali andP. Selvam, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 39 (2000) 457.
S.K. Badamali,A. Sakthivel andP. Selvam, Catal. Lett. 65 (2000) 153.
S. Namba,T. Yahima,Y. Itaba andN. Hara, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 5 (1980) 105.
R.F. Parton,J.M. Jacobs,D.R. Huybrechts andP.A. Jacops, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 46 (1988) 163.
A. Mitra, Ph.D. thesis, I.I.T. Bombay (1997) 55.
G.D. Yadav andJ.J. Nair, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 33 (1999) 1.
M. Hino,S. Kobayashi andK. Arata, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 101 (1979) 6441.
F.R. Chen,G. Coudurier,J.-F. Joly andJ.C. Vedrine, J. Catal. 143 (1993) 616.
I. Song andA. Sayari, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 38 (1996) 329.
T. Jin,T. Yamaguchi andK. Tanabe, J. Phys. Chem. 90 (1986) 4794.
R. Srinivasan,R.A. Keogh,D.R. Milburn andB.H. Davis, J. Catal. 153 (1995) 123.
S. Chokkaram,R. Srinivasan,D.R. Milburn andB.H. Davis, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 165 (1994) 160.
F. Babou,G. Coudurier andJ.C. Vedrine, J. Catal. 152 (1995) 341.
D. Spielbauer,G.A.H. Mekhemer,M.I. Zaki andH. Knözinger, Catal. Lett. 40 (1996) 71.
L.M. Kustov,V.B. Kazansky,F. Figuera andD. Tichit, J. Catal. 150 (1994) 143.
E. Iglesia,S.L. Soled andG.M. Kramer, J. Catal. 144 (1993) 238.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sakthivel, A., Saritha, N. & Selvam, P. Vapour phase tertiary butylation of phenol over sulfated zirconia catalyst. Catalysis Letters 72, 225–228 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009079910528
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009079910528