Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Veterinary significance of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157

  • Published:
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 is a serious pathogen in man that is carried by ruminants and has been isolated from some other animal species. Except in the very young of certain species and in greyhounds, the organism is not associated with disease in animals. Humans may be infected by ingestion of the organism through direct animal contact, from contaminated food or water or from the environment. Great efforts have been made to improve hygienic food production and handling, to protect water supplies and to give adequate advice to people handling animals. It is also essential to try to reduce the numbers of organisms shed by animals and, to do this, a clear understanding of the ecology of the organism is required.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allison, L.J., Thomson-Carter, F.M., Gray, D., Rusbridge, S.M. & MacLennan, M. 1997 Human cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection associated with exposure to lambing ewes. In Association of Veterinary Teachers & Research Workers 51st Scientific Meeting, Scarborough, ed. Spence, J.A., pp. 28. Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland: AVT&RW.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. 2000 Veterinary laboratories agency disease surveillance report. Veterinary Record 146, 388-389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, J., Humphrey, T.J. & Brown, M.W.R. 1999 Survival of Escherichia coli O157 in a soil protozoan: implications for disease. FEMS Microbiology Letters 173, 291-295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauwens, L., De Meurichy, W. & Vercammen, F. 2000 Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 from zoo animals. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 69, 76-79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettelheim, K.A. 2000 Role of non-O157 VTEC. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 38S-50S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beuchat, L.R. 1999 Survival of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine feces applied to lettuce and the e.ectiveness of chlorinated water as a disinfectant. Journal of Food Protection 62, 845-849.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borczyk, A.A., Karmali, M.A., Lior, H. & Duncan, L.M.C. 1987 Bovine reservoir for verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lancet 1, 98-98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C.A., Harmon, B.G., Zhao, T. & Doyle, M.P. 1997 Experimental Escherichia coli O157:H7 carriage in calves. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 27-32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, R.M., Aird, H. & Bolton, F.J. 2000 Waterborne Escherichia coli O157. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 124S-132S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, R.M., Salmon, R.L., Willshaw, G.A., Cheasty, T., Looker, N., Davies, I. & Wray, C. 1997 Vero-cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in a farmer handling horses. Lancet 349, 1816-1816.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A. 2000 Sources of Escherichia coli O157 and experiences over the past 15 years in Sheffield, UK. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 51S-60S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A. & Ackroyd, H.J. 1997 Farmed deer as a potential source of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. Veterinary Record 141, 314-315.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A. & Siddons, C.A. 1996 Sheep as a potential source of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. Veterinary Record 138, 23-24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A., Siddons, C.A., Malo, A.T.C. & Harkin, M.A. 1997 A 1-year study of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Epidemiology and Infection 119, 245-250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A., Siddons, C.A., Malo, A.T.C. & Harkin, M.A. 2000 A one year study of Escherichia coli O157 in raw beef and lamb products. Epidemiology and Infection 124, 207-213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A., Wright, D.J. & Norman, P. 1989 Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in Sheffield — cattle as a possible source. Epidemiology and Infection 102, 439-445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A., Wright, D.J., Norman, P., Fox, J. & Crick, E. 1993 Cattle as a possible source of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in man. Epidemiology and Infection 111, 439-447.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, P.A., Wright, D.J. & Siddons, C.A. 1994 A comparison of immunomagnetic separation and direct culture for the isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from bovine feces. Journal of Medical Microbiology 40, 424-427.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, R.C., Wilson, J.B., Read, S.C., Renwick, S., Rahn, K., Johnson, R.P., Alves, D., Karmali, M.A., Lior, H., McEwen, S.A., Spika, J. & Gyles, C.L. 1994 Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in the food chain: preharvest and processing perspectives. In Recent Advances in Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Infections, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium and Workshop on Verocytotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia coli infections, Bergamo, eds. Karmali, M.A. & Goglio, A.G., pp. 17-24. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobbold, R. & Desmarchelier, P. 2000 A longitudinal study of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) prevalence in three Australian dairy herds. Veterinary Microbiology 71, 125-137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cody, S.H., Glynn, M.K., Farrar, J.A., Cairns, K.L., Griffin, P.M., Kobayashi, J., Fyfe, M., Hoffman, R., King, A.S., Lewis, J.H., Swaminathan, B., Bryant, R.G. & Vugia, D.J. 1999 An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection from unpasteurized commercial apple juice. Annals of Internal Medicine 130, 202-209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, L.A., Hertzke, D.M., Fenwick, B.W. & Andreasen, C.B. 1997 Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in Greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy: 18 cases (1992-1994). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210, 789-793.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cray, W.C. & Moon, H.W. 1995 Experimental-infection of calves and adult cattle with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, 1586-1590.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean-Nystrom, E.A., Bosworth, B.T., Cray, W.C. & Moon, H.W. 1997 Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the intestines of neonatal calves. Infection and Immunity 65, 1842-1848.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diez-Gonzalez, F., Callaway, T.R., Kizoulis, M.G. & Russell, J.B. 1998 Grain feeding and the dissemination of acid-resistant Escherichia coli from cattle. Science 281, 1666-1668.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, S.H., Booth, I.R., Flint, H.J. & Stewart, C.S. 2000 The potential for the control of Escherichia coli O157 in farm animals. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 157S-165S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenlon, D.R., Ogden, I.D., Vinten, A. & Svoboda, I. 2000 The fate of Escherichia coli and E. coli O157 in cattle slurry after application to land. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 149S-156S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, D.H., Collins, J.E. & Duimstra, J.R. 1986 Infection of gnotobiotic pigs with an Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain associated with an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis. Infection and Immunity 51, 953-956.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gannon, V.P.J. 1999 Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at slaughter. In Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Farm Animals, eds. Stewart, C.S. & Flint, H.J., pp. 169-194. Oxford: CABI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, P.M. 1998 Epidemiology of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in humans in the United States. In Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, eds. Kaper, J.B. & O'Brien, A.D., pp. 15-22. Washington, DC: ASM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., Kinsel, M.L., Tarr, P.I., Rice, D.H. & Paros, M.G. 1994 The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington state. Epidemiology and Infection 113, 199-207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E. & Rice, D.H. 1998a Ecology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle and impact of management practices. In Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, eds. Kaper, J.B. & O'Brien, A.D., pp. 85-91. Washington, DC: ASM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., Rice, D.H., Ebel, E.D., Herriott, D.E. & Carpenter, L.V. 1998b Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the northwestern USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 35, 11-19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., Rice, D.H., Herriott, D.E. & Tarr, P.I. 1997 A longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in fourteen cattle herds. Epidemiology and Infection 118, 193-195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heuvelink, A.E., van den Biggelaar, F., Zwartkruis-Nahuis, J.T.M., Herbes, R.G., Huyben, R., Nagelkerke, N., Melchers, W.J.G., Monnens, L.A.H. & de Boer, E. 1998 Occurrence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on dutch daily farms. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 3480-3487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heuvelink, A.E., Zwartkruis-Nahuis, J.T.M., Beumer, R.R. & de Boer, E. 1999a Occurrence and survival of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in meats obtained from retail outlets in the Netherlands. Journal of Food Protection 62, 1115-1122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heuvelink, A.E., Zwartkruis-Nahuis, J.T.M., van den Biggelaar, F., van Leeuwen, W.J. & de Boer, E. 1999b Isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from slaughter pigs and poultry. International Journal of Food Microbiology 52, 67-75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Himathongkham, S., Bahari, S., Riemann, H. & Cliver, D. 1999 Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in cow manure and cow manure slurry. FEMS Microbiology Letters 178, 251-257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hovde, C.J., Austin, P.R., Cloud, K.A., Williams, C.J. & Hunt, C.W. 1999 Effect of cattle diet on Escherichia coli O157:H7 acid resistance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 3233-3235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HSE. 2000 Avoiding ill health at open farms-Advice to farmers with teachers' supplement. In Agriculture Information Sheet 23. Health & Saftey Executive, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Su.olk CO10 2WA, UK.

  • Itoh, Y., Hayashi, N., Katoh, M., Yamamoto, A., Hayashi, S., Maeda, S. & Ezaki, T. 1999 The characterization of Shiga toxin-non-producing Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 isolated from car-casses of cattle at a slaughter house. Microbiology and Immunology 43, 699-703.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwasa, M., Makino, S., Asakura, H., Kobori, H. & Morimoto, Y. 1999 Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) at a cattle farm in Japan. Journal of Medical Entomology 36, 108-112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaehyoung, K., Nietfeldt, J. & Benson, A.K. 1999 Octamer-based genome scanning distinguishes a unique subpopulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in cattle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96, 13288-13293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janisiewicz, W.J., Conway, W.S., Brown, M.W., Sapers, G.M., Fratamico, P. & Buchanan, R.L. 1999 Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut apple tissue and its potential for transmission by fruit flies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 1-5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, M. 1998 Chlorination of pathogenic E. coli O157. Water Science and Technology 38, 141-144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kudva, I.T., Hunt, C.W., Williams, C.J., Nance, U.M. & Hovde, C.J. 1997 Evaluation of dietary influences on Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding by sheep. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 3878-3886.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, T.V., Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., Harrison, J.H., Rice, D.H., Stewart, N.T. & Rowan, L.L. 1998 The occurrence and replication of Escherichia coli in cattle feeds. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 1102-1108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M.L., Shipman, L.D., Potter, M.E., Wachsmuth, I.K., Wells, J.G., Hedberg, K., Tauxe, R.V., Davis, J.P., Arnoldi, J. & Tilleli, J. 1986 Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from dairy cattle associated with 2 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Lancet 2, 1043-1043.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maule, A. 2000 Survival of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in soil, water and on surfaces. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 71S-78S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechie, S.C., Chapman, P.A. & Siddons, C.A. 1997 A fifteen month study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd. Epidemiology and Infection 118, 17-25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montenegro, M.A., Bulte, M., Trumpf, T., Aleksic, S., Reuter, G., Bulling, E. & Helmuth, R. 1990 Detection and characterization of fecal verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli from healthy cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28, 1417-1421.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moxley, R.A. & Francis, D.H. 1998 Overview of animal models. In Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, eds. Kaper, J.B. & O'Brien, A.D., pp. 249-260. Washington, DC: ASM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien, S.J. 2000 VTEC: how important is it? In Zoonotic infections in livestock and the risk to public health VTEC O157, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, ed. Reilly, W.J., pp. 28-33. Clifton House, Glasgow, Scotland: SCIEH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orskov, F., Orskov, I. & Villar, J.A. 1987 Cattle as reservoir of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lancet 2, 276-276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G.R., Bazeley, K.J., Jones, J.R., Gunning, R.F., Green, M.J., Cookson, A. & Woodward, M.J. 1999 Attaching and effacing lesions in the large intestine of an eight-month-old heifer associated with Escherichia coli O26 infection in a group of animals with dysentery. Veterinary Record 145, 370-373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahn, K., Renwick, S.A., Johnson, R.P., Wilson, J.B., Clarke, R.C., Alves, D., McEwen, S., Lior, H. & Spika, J. 1997 Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy cattle and the dairy farm environment. Epidemiology and Infection 119, 251-259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, W.J., Locking, M., O'Brien, S.J., Wright, E.M., Campbell, D.M., Coia, J.E., Browning, L.M. & Ramsay, C.N. 2000 Risk factors for sporadic cases of Escherichia coli O157 infection: the importance of contact with animal excreta. In Zoonotic infections in livestock and the risk to public health VTEC O157, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, ed. Reilly, W.J., pp. 41-47. Clifton House, Glasgow, Scotland: SCIEH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renwick, S.A., Wilson, J.B., Clarke, R.C., Lior, H., Borczyk, A.A., Spika, J., Rahn, K., McFadden, K., Brouwer, A., Copps, A., Anderson, N.G., Alves, D. & Karmali, M.A. 1993 Evidence of direct transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection between calves and a human. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168, 792-793.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, D.H., Hancock, D.D. & Besser, T.E. 1995 Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 colonization of wild deer and range cattle. Veterinary Record 137, 524-524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, D.H., McMenamin, K.M., Pritchett, L.C., Hancock, D.D. & Besser, T.E. 1999 Genetic subtyping of Escherichia coli O157 isolates from 41 Pacific Northwest USA cattle farms. Epidemiology and Infection 122, 479-484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, M.S., Corkish, J.D., Sayers, A.R., McLaren, I.M., Evans, S.J. & Wray, C. 1998 Studies of the presence of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli O157 in bovine faeces submitted for diagnostic purposes in England and Wales and on beef carcases in abattoirs in the United Kingdom. Epidemiology and Infection 120, 187-192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, L.W., Remis, R.S., Helgerson, S.D., McGee, H.B., Wells, J.G., Davis, B.R., Hebert, R.J., Olcott, E.S., Johnson, L.M., Hargrett, N.T., Blake, P.A. & Cohen, M.L. 1983 Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. New England Journal of Medicine 308, 681-685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J.B., Diez-Gonzalez, F. & Jarvis, G.N. 2000 Invited review: effects of diet shifts on Escherichia coli in cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 863-873.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeni, J.L. & Doyle, M.P. 1994 Variable colonization of chickens perorally inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and subsequent contamination of eggs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 2958-2962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, J.C.M., Reilly, W.J., Coia, J.E., Curnow, J. & Synge, B.A. 1995 Escherichia coli O157 infection in Scotland: an epidemiological overview, 1984-94. PHLS Microbiology Digest 12, 134-140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.R., Gross, R.J., Rowe, B., Fry, N.K. & Scotland, S.M. 1987 Hemorrhagic colitis and verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in England and Wales. Lancet 1, 1062-1065.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.R., Rowe, B., Adak, G.K. & Reilly, W.J. 1998 Shiga toxin (verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli in the United Kingdom. In Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, eds. Kaper, J.B. & O'Brien, A.D., pp. 49-58. Washington, DC: ASM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, R., Ragettli, S. & Untermann, F. 2000 Prevalence of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in feces of healthy beef cattle and sheep in Switzerland. Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde 142, 110-114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A. 1999 Animal studies in Scotland. In Escherichia coli O157 in Farm Animals, eds. Stewart, C.S. & Flint, H.J., pp. 91-98. Oxford: CABI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A. 2000 Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli: a veterinary view. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 31S-37S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A., Gunn, G.J., Ternent, H.E., Hopkins, G.F., Thomson-Carter, F., Foster, G. & McKendrick, I. 2000 Preliminary results from epidemiological studies in cattle in Scotland. In Zoonotic Infections in Livestock and the Risk to Public Health VTEC O157, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, ed. Reilly, W.J., pp. 10-17. Clifton House, Glasgow, Scotland: SCIEH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A. & Hopkins, G.F. 1992 Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in Scottish calves. Veterinary Record 130, 583-583.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A. & Hopkins, G.F. 1994 Studies of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in cattle in Scotland and association with human cases. In Recent Advances in Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Infections. Proceedings of second International Symposium and Workshop on Verocytotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia coli infections, Bergamo, eds. Karmali, M.A. & Goglio, A.G., pp. 65-68. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A. & Hopkins, G.F. 1996 Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli O157-zoonotic implications. In World Association for Biuatrics XIX Congress, vol. 2, Edinburgh, eds. Espinasse, J. Mayer, E., Ugarte R. & Lekeux P., pp. 633-637. British Cattle Veterinary Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A., Hopkins, G.F., Reilly, W.J. & Sharp, J.C.M. 1993 Possible link between cattle and Escherichia coli O157 infection in a human. Veterinary Record 133, 507-507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Synge, B.A. & Paiba, G.A. 2000 Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli O157. Veterinary Record 147, 27.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trevena, W.B., Willshaw, G.A., Cheasty, T., Wray, C. & Gallagher, J. 1996 Vero cytotoxin-producing E. coli O157 infection associated with farms. Lancet 347, 60-61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tzipori, S., Gunzer, F., Donnenberg, M.S., Demontigny, L., Kaper, J.B. & Donohuerolfe, A. 1995 The role of the eae gene in diarrhoea and neurological complications in a gnotobiotic piglet model of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. Infection and Immunity 63, 3621-3627.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upton, P. & Coia, J.E. 1994 Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 associated with pasteurised milk supply. Lancet 344, 1015.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vold, L., Johansen, B.K., Kruse, H., Skjerve, E. & Wasteson, Y. 1998 Occurrence of shigatoxinogenic Escherichia coli O157 in Norwegian cattle herds. Epidemiology and Infection 120, 21-28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J.S., Cheasty, T. & Jones, K. 1997 Isolation of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from wild birds. Journal of Applied Microbiology 82, 399-404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, M.J., Gavier-Widen, D., McLaren, I.M., Wray, C., Sozmen, M. & Pearson, G.R. 1999 Infection of gnotobiotic calves with Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain A84. Veterinary Record 144, 466-470.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wray, C., McLaren, I.M. & Carroll, P.J. 1993 Escherichia coli isolated from farm-animals in England and Wales between 1986 and 1991. Veterinary Record 133, 439-442.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wray, C., McLaren, I.M., Randall, L.P. & Pearson, G.R. 2000 Natural and experimental infection of normal cattle with Escherichia coli O157. Veterinary Record 147, 65-68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, T., Doyle, M.P., Harmon, B.G., Brown, C.A., Mueller, P.O.E. & Parks, A.H. 1998 Reduction of carriage of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle by inoculation with probiotic bacteria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 641-647.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. SAC Veterinary Science Division, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness, IV2 4JZ, UK

    Barti A. Synge

Authors
  1. Barti A. Synge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Synge, B.A. Veterinary significance of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 16, 725–732 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980923261

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980923261

Search

Navigation