Skip to main content
Log in

The Political Ecology of Design and Technology Education: An Inquiry into Methods

  • Published:
International Journal of Technology and Design Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

At the beginning of this new century, design and technology educators face a serious dilemma: Practice conventional modes of design and technology, which have consumed proponents in Canada, England, Germany, and the US, or model design for sustainable lifestyles. Our conventional design, problem solving and technological methods embody a liberal, political ecology and in effect, these methods – our practices – are not sustainable. Using the political ecology of Nike shoes as an example, I describe ecological footprints, resource streams, and wakes as effective metaphors for sustainable practice. In contra-distinction to technocentric methods, I argue for modelling ecocentric processes rooted in political ecology and cultural studies. Attending to the political ecology of design and technology means nothing less than remodelling the design of lifestyles and reducing production and consumption in our practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Atkinson, A.: 1991, Principles of Political Ecology, Belhaven Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barff, R. & Austen, J.: 1993, '“It' gotta be da shoes”: Domestic Manufacturing, International Subcontracting, and the Production of Athletic Footwear', Environment and Planning A 25, 1103-1114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J.: 1988, 'Producing a Technologically Literate Citizen: A Curriculum Model', Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 8(5), 483-489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, M.: 'Designing the Future: Technology, Values, and Choice', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 4 (1), 51-64.

  • Bijker, W.: 1993, 'Do Not Despair: There is Life After Constructivism', Science, Technology & Human Values 18(1), 113-138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, M.: 1998, How We Think They Think: Anthropological Approaches to Cognition, Memory, and Literacy, Westview, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, C. A.: 1993, Education, Cultural Myths, and the Ecological Crisis, Teachers College Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, R.: 1992, 'Wicked Problems in Design Thinking', Design Issues 8(2), 5-22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, C.: 1986, 'Made in Patriarchy: Toward a Feminist Analysis of Women and Design', Design Issues 3(2), 3-14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C.: 1998, 'Consumption and the Rhetorics of Needs and Wants', Journal of Design History 11(3), 235-246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clifford, M.: 1993, 'Making the Shoe Fit', Far Eastern Economic Review 156(6), 45-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chidgey, J.: 1994, 'A Critique of the Design Process', in F. Banks (ed.), Teaching Technology, Routledge, New York, 85-93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, M.: 1990, 'Cognitive Development and Formal Schooling', in L. Moll (ed.), Vygotsky and Education, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 89-110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, M. & Engestrom, Y.: 1993, 'A Cultural-Historical Approach to Distributed Cognition', in G. Salomon (ed.), Distributed Cognitions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, N., Naughton, J. & Walker, D.: 1986, 'Design Method and Scientific Method', in A. Cross and R. McCormick (eds.), Technology in Schools, Open University Press, Philadelphia, 19-33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, E. T.: 1989, 'Environmental Education as an Integrative Study', Holistic Education Review 2(3), 54-62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clifford, M.: 1993, 'Consuming Passions', Far Eastern Economic Review 156(6), 44-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Custer, R.: 1995, 'Examining the Determinants of Technology', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 5(3), 219-244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B. & Sumara, D.: 1997, 'Cognition, Complexity and Teacher Education', Harvard Educational Review 67(1), 105-125.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVore, P.: 1998, 'Reflections on Technology in the Past, Present, and Future', Journal of Technology Studies 24(2), 2-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, M., Cross N. & Grant, D. (eds.): 1992, Design Methodology and Relationships with Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J.: 1910, How We Think, Heath, Boston:.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J.: 1929, The Quest for Certainty, Minton, Balch & Company, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J.: 1933, How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process, Heath, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth, B.: 1995, 'The Invisible Woman-The Gender Implications of Structural Adjustment', Appropriate Technology 22(3), 26-29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Gay, P., Hall, S., Janes, L., Mackay, H. and Negus, K.: 1997, Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman, Sage, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durning, A.: 1997, How Much is Enough?, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, M. E.: 1993, 'Be Like Mike?: Michael Jordan and the Pedagogy of Desire', Cultural Studies 7(1), 64-72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egan, T.: September 13, 1998, 'The Swoon of the Swoosh', New York Times Magazine, 66-70.

  • Eggleston, J.: 1976, Developments in Design Education, Open Books, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggleston, J.: 1996, Teaching Design and Technology (2nd ed.), Open University Press, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshof, L.: 1998, 'Technology Education for Sustainable Communities', Paper Presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the International Technology Education Association, Fort Worth, TX.

  • Farrell, A.: 1996, 'Sustainability and the Design of Knowledge Tools', IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 15(4), 11-20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, A. & Murrell, R.: 1989, Green Design, Architecture Design and Technology Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, F. & Petrina, S.: 2000, Where do We Put the Waste?: Nike, the 'Circuit of Culture' and Political Ecology (unpublished manuscript).

  • Frey, T.: 1992, 'Against an Essential Theory of “Need”: Some Considerations for Design Theory', Design Issues 8(2), 41-53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparski, W.: 1983a, 'Tadeusz Kotarbinski' Methodology of the Practical Sciences and its Influence', Research in Philosophy and Technology 6, 93-106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparski, W.: 1983b, 'A Praxiological Theory of Design', in W. Gasparski & T. Psczcolowski (eds.), Praxiological Studies, D. Reidel Publishing, Boston, 281-312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparski, W.: 1984, Understanding Design: The Praxiological-Systemic Perspective, Intersystems, Seaside, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparski, W.: 1989, 'Design Methodology: A Personal Statement', in P. Durbin (ed.), Philosophy and Technology: Practical, Historical and Other Dimensions, vol. 6, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 153-168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparski, W.: 1993, 'Tadeusz Kotarbinski' Philosophy as a Philosophy of Practicality', in T. Airaksinen & W. Gasparski (eds.), Practical Philosophy and Action Theory, Transaction Publishers, London, 93-102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparski, W. & Doroszewski, J.: 1993, 'Praxiological (General) Design Theory and its Application in Medicine', in T. Airaksinen & W. Gasparski (eds.), Practical Philosophy and Action Theory, Transaction Publishers, London, 135-150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilberti, A. (Ed.).: 1992, Integrating Technology, People and the Environment, International Technology Education Association, Reston, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gare, A.: 1995, Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis, Routledge, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gore, A.: 1993, 'Political Ecology: Expertocracy Versus Self-Limitation', New Left Review 202, 55-67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, N.: 1989, 'From Epistemology to Ecopolitics: Renewing a Paradigm for Curriculum', Journal of Curriculum Studies 21(1), 225-241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradwell, J.: 1999, 'The Immensity of Technology ... and the Role of the Individual', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 9, 241-267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gragg, R.: June, 1997, 'Domination by Design', Metropolis, 63-66, 83-85.

  • Halfin, H.: 1973, Technology-A Process Approach. Unpublished Dissertation, West Virginia University.

  • Hennesy, S. & McCormick, R.: 1994, 'The General Problem Solving Process in Technology Education: Myth or Reality?', in F. Banks (ed.), Teaching Technology, Routledge, New York, 94-107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoberman, J.: 1997, Darwin' Athletes, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, A.: 1992, 'Design Education Approach', in A. Gilberti (ed.), Integrating Technology, People and the Environment, International Technology Education Association, Reston, VA, 16-24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, A.: 1996, 'Development of Science Concepts Within a Vygotskian Framework', Science Education 80(1), 35-51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, M.: 1991, The Green Economy, Pluto Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jardine, D.: 1993, 'Ecopedagogical Reflections on Curricular Integration, Scientific Literacy and the Deep Ecologies of Science Education', Alberta Science Education Journal 27(1), 50-56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jardine, D.: 1994, 'Littered with literacy: An Ecopedagogical Reflection on Whole Language, Pedocentrism and the Necessity of Refusal', Journal of Curriculum Studies 26(5), 509-524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery, J. R.: 1990a, 'Design Methods in CDT', Journal of Art and Design Education 9(1), 57-70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery, J. R.: 1990b, An Investigation into the Effect of Systematic Design Methods in Craft, Design and Technology (CDT)', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 1(3), 141-151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsey, R.: 1995, 'The Design Process-Does it Exist?', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 5(2), 199-217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G.: 1997, 'Is Nike Losing its Swoosh?', Adbusters 19(3), 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S. D.: 1997, 'Learning Technological Concepts and Developing Intellectual Skills', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 7(1-2), 161-180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonas, W.: 1993, 'Design as Problem-Solving? or: Here is the Solution-What was the Problem?', Design Studies 14(2), 157-170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A.: 1997, 'Recent Research in Learning Technological Concepts and Processes', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 7(1-2), 83-96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. C.: 1970, Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures, Wiley-Interscience, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. C.: 1991, Designing Designing, Architecture, Design and Technology Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, B. M.: 1997, 'Review Essay: Technology and Design-A New Agenda', Technology and Culture 38(2), 452-466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D.: August 16, 1993, 'Triumph of the Swoosh', Sports Illustrated 79(7), 54-73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D.: 1994, Just Do It: The Nike Spirit in the Corporate World, Adams Media Corporation, Hollbrook, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidron, M. & Segal, R.: 1995, The State of the World Atlas, Penguin, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimbell, R.: 1982, Design Education: The Foundation Years, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimbell, R., Stables, K. & Green, R.: 1996, Understanding Practice in Design and Technology, Open University Press, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, N.: 1999, No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, Alfred A. Knopf, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotarbinski, T.: 1938/1983, 'On the Essence and Goals of General Methodology (Praxiology)', in W. Gasparski & T. Psczcolowski (eds.), Praxiological Studies, D. Reidel Publishing, Boston, 21-30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotarbinski, T.: 1960, 'Concept of Action', Journal of Philosophy 57, 215-222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotarbinski, T.: 1965, Praxiology: The Science of Efficient Action, trans. By O. Wojtasiewicz, Pergamon Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krippendorff, K.: 1989, 'On the Essential Contexts of Artifacts or on the Proposition that Design is Making Sense of Things', Design Issues 5(2), 9-38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lane, R.: 1996, 'You are What You Wear', Forbes 400 158(9), 42-45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langehough, S.: 1998, 'Symbol, Status, and Shoes', in A. Busch (ed.), Design for Sports: The Cult of Performance, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 20-45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B.: 1987, Science in Action: How to Follow Engineers and Scientists Through Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

  • Lave, J.: 1990, 'The Culture of Acquisition and the Practice of Understanding', in J. Stigler, R. Shweder & G. Herdt (eds.), Cultural Psychology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 309-327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J. & Wenger, E.: 1991, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawler, T. & Goggin, P.: 1998, 'Sustainability and Design and Technology in Schools', Journal of Design and Technology Education 2(1), 1-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leggett, M. & Robertson, S.: 1996, 'Curriculum Fragmentation Impedes Students' Understanding of Technology and the Environment', Journal of Education Policy 11(6), 681-691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T., Petrina, S. & Hill, A. M.: 1998, 'Problem Posing-Adding a Creative Increment to Technological Problem Solving', Journal of Industrial Teacher Education 36(1), 5-35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madge, P.: 1993, 'Design, Ecology, Technology: A Historiographical Review', Journal of Design History 6(3), 149-166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madge, P.: 1997, 'Ecological Design: A New Critique', Design Issues 13(2), 44-54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maldonado, T.: 1965, 'Design Education', in G. Kepes (ed.), Education of Vision, George Braziller, Inc., New York, 122-135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzini, E.: 1992, 'Prometheus of the Everyday: The Ecology of the Artificial and the Designer' Responsibility', Design Issues 9(1), 5-20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolin, V.: 1995, 'The Product Milieu and Social Action', in R. Buchanan & V. Margolin (eds.), Discovering Design, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 121-145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolin, V.: 1998, 'Design for a Sustainable World', Design Issues 14(2), 83-92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolin, V.: 1996, 'Global Expansion or Global Equilibrium? Design and the World Situation', Design Issues 12(2), 22-32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, R.: 1993, 'The Evolution of Current Practice of Technology Education: Issues, Part 2', Journal of Technology Studies 19(1), 26-32.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, R.: 1997, 'Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 7(1-2), 141-159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, R., Murphy, P., & Hennessy, S.: 1994, 'Problem-Solving Processes in Technology Education: A Pilot Study', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 4(1), 5-34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, R., Murphy, P., Hennessy, S. & Davidson, M.: 1996, 'Problem Solving in Science and Technology Education', Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.

  • McDowell, C.: 1989, Shoes: Fashion and Fantasy, Thames & Hudson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, D.: 1995, 'Making up Mind: The Early Sociology of Invention', Technology and Culture 36(4), 773-801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, C.: 1994, 'Developing Environmental Literacy,' The Technology Teacher 54(3), 30-34.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, C.: 1996, 'Implications of Global Change', The Technology Teacher 55(5), 14-18.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, C. 1997, 'Environmental Education in the Technology Teacher Education Program', in R. Abrams (ed.), Weaving Connections: Cultures and Environments, Selected Papers from the 26th Annual Conference of the North American Association for Environmental Education, Vancouver, BC, 215-220.

  • McLean, G. F.: 1993, 'Integrating Ethics and Design', IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 12(3), 19-31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Media Foundation.: 1999, 'Feeling China' Pain', Adbusters 27, 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, C. T.: 1993, Redefining Designing: From Form to Experience, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics: 1995, The Condition of Education 1995, US Department of Education, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, B.: 1995, 'An Ecological Metaphysics and Its Implications for Education', Perspectives in Education 16(2), 305-318.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Riley, P.: 1992, Contextualizing the Gendered and Industrial Bias of Technology Education. Unpublished master' thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Riley, P.: 1996, 'A Different Storytelling of Technology Education Curriculum Revisions'. Journal of Technology Education 7(2), 28-40.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Riley, P.: 1999, Opening Up Technology Discourses to Difference: A Rhizoanalysis (Ph.D. diss., The Ohio State University).

  • Pantzar, M.: 1993, Do Commodities Reproduce Themselves Through Human Beings? Toward an Ecology of Goods', World Futures 38(2), 201-224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pantzar, M.: 1997, 'Domestication of Everyday Life', Design Issues 13(3), 53-65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papanek, V.: 1983, Design for Human Scale, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanek, V.: 1984, Design for the Real World, Academy Chicago Publishers, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanek, V.: 1995, The Green Imperative, Thames and Hudson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pea, R. D.: 1993, 'Practices of Distributed Intelligence and Designs for Education', in G. Salomon (ed.), Distributed Cognitions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 47-87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrina, S.: 1998, 'Multidisciplinary Technology Education', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 8(2), 103-138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrina, S.: in press, 'The Politics of Technological Literacy', International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

  • Petrina, S.: under review, 'Two Cultures of Technical Courses and Discourses: The Case of Computer Aided Design', Journal of Technology Studies.

  • Polya, G.: 1945/1957, How to Solve It, Doubleday, Garden City, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, S.: 1991, Total Design: Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering, Addison-Wesley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rea, V.: 1995, 'Gender: A Vital issue in Biodiversity', Appropriate Technology 22(1), 8-10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiland, R.: 1998, 'Sneaker Economics', The Humanist 58(2), 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romiszowski, A. J.: 1981, Designing Instructional Systems, Kogan Page, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, A.: 1997, No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers, Verso, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowell, P, Guilbert, S. & Gufstafson, B.: 1997, 'The Nature of Technological Problem Solving: Perceptions of Engineers', in K. Calhoun, R. Panwar & S. Schrum (eds.), International Organization for Science and Technology Education, 8th Symposium Proceedings: Volume 1, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 199-203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, J. & Durning, A. T.: 1997, Stuff: The Secret Life of Everyday Things, Northwest Environmental Watch, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, E. & Brown, A.: 1998, 'Bio-Related Technology: Scope and Sequence for Secondary Grades', Paper Presented at the Annual convention of the American Vocational Association, New Orleans, LA.

  • Savage, E. & Sterry, L.: 1990, A Conceptual Framework for Technology Education, International Technology Education Association, Reston, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, E., Rossner, A. & Finke, G.: 1993, Bio-Related Technology, Glencoe-McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaltegger, S., ed.: 1996, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Birkhauser Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher, E. F.: 1973, Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, Harper & Row, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scribner, S.: 1985, 'Knowledge at Work', Anthropology and Education Quarterly 16(2), 199-206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seely Brown, J., Collins, A. & Duguid, P.: 1989, 'Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning', Educational Researcher 18(4), 32-42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, M.: 1994, 'Designing Education for Life on Earth', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 4(3), 289-297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shogan, D.: 1999, The Making of High Performance Athletes: Discipline, Diversity, and Ethics, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R.: 1995, 'Cultural Psychology: What is It?', in N. R. Goldberger & J. B. Veroff (eds.), The Culture and Psychology Reader, New York University Press, New York, 41-86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A.: 1969/1996, The Sciences of the Artificial, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolimowski, H.: 1965, 'Praxiology-The Study of Accomplished Acting', The Personalist 46, 348-365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strasser, J. B. & Becklund, L.: 1991, Swoosh: The Unauthorised Story of Nike and the Men Who Played There, Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsing, Z.: 1993, 'Philosophy of Technology: Epistemological or Praxiological?', in T. Airaksinen & W. Gasparski (eds.), Practical Philosophy and Action Theory, Transaction Publishers, London, 243-255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanderbilt, T.: 1998, The Sneaker Book: Anatomy of an Industry and an Icon, The New Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Ryn, S & Cowan, S.: 1996, Ecological Design, Island Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wackernagel, M. & Rees, W.: 1996, Our Ecological Footprint, New Society Publishers, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waks, L.: 1994, 'Value Judgement and Social Action in Technology Studies', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 4(1), 35-50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walentynowisz, B. & Wasiutyñski, Z.: 1983, 'Praxiology and Technology', in W. Gasparski & T. Psczcolowski (eds.), Praxiological Studies, D. Reidel Publishing, Boston, 373-391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, S.: 1996, 'The Meeting Place: Qualitative Aspects of Product Environmental Assessment', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 6(2), 151-171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wann, D.: 1996, Deep Design, Island Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, M.: 1998, 'students' Use of Three-Dimensional Modelling While Designing and Making a Solution to a Technological Problem', International Journal of Technology and Design Education 8(3).

  • Westra, L. & Werhane, P. (eds.): 1998, The Business of Consumption, Rowman & Littlefield, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B. & Sparks, R.: 1996, 'It' Gotta Be the Shoes: Youth, Race, and Sneaker Commercials', Sociology of Sport Journal 13, 398-427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, S. and Vanderburg, W. H.: 1992, 'A Materials Life Cycle Framework for Preventive Engineering', IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 11(3), 26-31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Petrina, S. The Political Ecology of Design and Technology Education: An Inquiry into Methods. International Journal of Technology and Design Education 10, 207–237 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008955016067

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008955016067

Navigation