Abstract
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler is found in nature on dead broadleaf trees, but it is commercially produced on different substrates. The question of adaptation to different lignocellulosic substrates was addressed by measuring enzyme activities produced by six strains that were cultivated on wheat straw and that were able to produce sporophores. Despite quantitative variations, each strain of L. edodes had similar patterns of enzyme secretion into the wheat straw log matrix. Two peaks of carbohydrase activities were observed, the first relating to the early mycelial growth during the first days after spawning and the second during sporophore extension. Laccase activity in the early stage of colonization was related to the degradation of soluble phenolic compounds present in wheat straw. Manganese peroxidase activity was associated with mycelia th. The strains with the earlier production and higher yield were able to hydrolyse and utilize straw cell wall components soon aft er inoculation, and developed high metabolic activities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonnen, A.M., Anton, L.H. & Orth, A.B. 1994 Lignin-degrading enzymes of the commercial button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 960–965.
Box, J.D. 1983 Investigation of the Folin–Ciocalteau reagent for the determination of polyphenolic substances in natural waters. Water Research 17, 511–525.
Boyle, C.D. & Kropp, B. 1992 Development and comparison of methods for measuring growth of filamentous fungi on wood. Canadian Journal of Botany 38, 1053–1060.
Buswell, J.A., Cai, Y.J. & Chang, S.T. 1996 Ligninolytic enzyme production and secretion in edible mushroom fungi. In Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, ed Royse, D.J. pp. 113–122. Penn-State: The Pennsylvania State University.
Chang, S.T. 1996 Mushroom research and development–equality and mutual benefit. In Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, ed Royse, D.J. pp. 1–10. Penn State: The Pennsylvania State University.
Cornu, A., Besle, J.-M., Mosoni, P. & Grenet, E. 1994 Lignin-carbohydrate complexes in forages: structure and consequences in the ruminal degradation of cell wall carbohydrates. Reproduction Nutrition et Développement 34, 385–398.
Crestini, C., D'Annibale, A. & Giovannozzi-Sermanni, G. 1996 Aqueous plant extracts as stimulators of laccase production in liquid cultures of Lentinus edodes. Biotechnology Techniques 10, 243–248.
Delpech, P. & Olivier, J.-M. 1991 Cultivation of shiitake on straw based pasteurized substrates. Mushroom Science 13, 523–528.
Diehle, D.A. & Royse, D.J. 1986 Shiitake cultivation on sawdust: evaluation of selected genotypes for biological efficiency and mushroom size. Mycologia 78, 929–933.
Inbar, Y., Boem, M.J. & Hointink, H.A.J. 1991 Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate in sphagnum peat container media for predicting suppressiveness to damping-off caused by Phytium ultimum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23, 479–483.
Itäaara, M., Mattsson, R., Suortii, T. & Ahvenainen, R. 1992 Changes in gas composition and extracellular enzyme activity during growth of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on sawdust. Material und Organismen 27, 285–299.
Jones, K.L. and Grainger, J.M. 1983 The application of enzyme activity measurements to a study of factors affecting protein, starch and cellulose fermentation in domestic refuse. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 18, 181–185.
Leatham, G.F. 1985 Extracellular enzymes produced by the cultivated mushroom Lentinus edodes during degradation of a lignocellulosic medium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, 859–867.
Lestan, D., Lestan, M., Chapelle, J.A. & Lamar, R.T. 1996 Biological potential of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 16, 286–294.
Levanon, D., Rotschild, N., Danai, O. & Masaphy, S. 1993 Bulk treatment of substrate for the cultivation of shiitake mushroom. Bioresource Technology 45, 63–64.
Libmond, S. & Savoie, J.-M. (1993) Degradation of wheat straw by a microbial community–stimulation by a polysaccharidase complex. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 40, 567–574.
Lonergan, G. & Baker, W.L. 1995 Comparative study of substrates of fungal laccase. Letters in Applied Microbiology 21, 31–33.
Mandels, M., Andreotti, R. & Roche, C. 1976 Measurement of saccharifying cellulase. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium 6, 21–23.
Matsumoto, T. 1988 Changes in activities of carbohydrases, phosphorylase, proteinases and phenoloxidases during fruiting of Lentinus edodes in sawdust cultures. Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute 26, 46–54.
Miller, G.L. 1959 Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Analytical Chemistry 31, 424–426.
Miron, J. & Ben-Ghedalia, D. 1992 The effect of sulphur dioxide application level on the biodegradation of wheat straw carbohydrates by rumen microorganisms and by Trichoderma viride cellulase. Bioresource Technology 41, 139–144.
Mishra, C. & Leatham, G.F. 1990 Recovery and fractionation of the extracellular degradative enzymes from Lentinula edodes cultures cultivated on a solid lignocellulosic medium. Journal of Fermentation Engineering 69, 8–15.
Myoson, E. & Verachter, H. 1991 Growth of higher fungi on wheat straw and their impact on the digestibility of the substrate. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 36, 421–424.
Okeke, B.C., Paterson, A., Smith, J.E., & Watson-Craik, I.A. 1994 The relationships between phenol oxidase activity, soluble protein and ergosterol with growth of Lentinus species in oak sawdust logs. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 41, 28–31.
Rinker, D.L. 1991 The influence of heat treatment, genotype and other cultural practices on the production of shiitake mushroom on sawdust. Mushroom Science 13, 497–502.
Savoie, J.-M., Minvielle, N. & Chalaux, N. 1994 Estimation of wheat straw quality for edible mushroom production and effects of a growth regulator. Bioresource Technology 48, 149–153.
Savoie, J.-M., Cesbron, V. & Delpech, P. 1995 Induction of polyphenol-oxidases in the mycelium of Lentinula edodes. Mushroom Science 14, 787–793.
Sharma, U., Brillouet, J.-M., Sacalbert, A. & Monties, B. 1986 Studies on the brittle stem mutant of rice, Oriza sativa L., characterization of lignin fractions, associated phenolic acids and polysaccharides from rice stem. Agronomie 6, 265–271.
Shearer, C.A. 1995 Fungal Competition. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1259–S1264.
Tokimoto, K., Fukuda, M., Kishimoto, H. & Koshitani, H. 1987 Activities of enzymes in bed logs of Lentinus edodes during fruit body development. Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute 25, 24–56.
Wood, D.A. & Goodenough, P.W. 1977 Fruiting of Agaricus bisporus, changes in extracellular enzyme activities during growth and fruiting. Archives of Microbiology 114, 161–165.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mata, G., Savoie, JM. Extracellular enzyme activities in six Lentinula edodes strains during cultivation in wheat straw. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 14, 513–519 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008886521091
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008886521091