Abstract
The effect of alcohol-type on macroscopic morphology has been examined for the macroporous titania (TIO2) films prepared by a sol-gel dip-coating method from the system containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and alcohols having larger alkyl groups than ethanol. The phase separation is enhanced by decreasing the compatibility between the solvent mixture and PEG as long as the polycondensation rate does not increase greatly. In the 1-butanol system, macroporous morphology appears clearly even at higher relative humidity as 70% RH due to the slower polycondensation. In contrast, the macroscopic domain formation is completely suppressed by the rapid polycondensation in the 2-propanol system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Fujishima and K. Honda, Nature 238, 37 (1972).
T. Miyasaka, T. Watanabe, A. Fujishima, and K. Honda, Nature 277, 638 (1979).
B. O'Regan and M. Grätzel, Nature 353, 737 (1991).
M.K. Nazeeruddin, A. Kay, I. Rodicio, R. Humphry-Baker, E. Müller, P. Liska, N. Vlachopoulos, and M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 6382 (1993).
K. Kato, A. Tsuzuki, H. Taoda, Y. Torii, T. Kato, and Y. Butsugan, J. Mater. Sci. 29, 5911 (1994).
K. Kato, A. Tsuzuki, Y. Torii, H. Taoda, T. Kato, and Y. Butsugan, J. Mater. Sci. 30, 837 (1995).
T. Takeuchi, Sens. Actuators 14, 109 (1988).
G. Gusmano, G. Montesperelli, P. Nunziante, E. Traversa, A. Montenero, M. Braghini, G. Mattogno, and A. Bearzotti, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 101, 1095 (1993).
K. Kajihara and T. Yao, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1, 1979 (1999).
K. Nagase, Y. Shimizu, N. Miura, and N. Yamazoe, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 101, 1032 (1993).
K. Nakanishi and N. Soga, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74, 2518 (1991).
K. Nakanishi, H. Komura, R. Takahashi, and N. Soga, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 67, 1327 (1994).
K. Nakanishi, J. Porous Mater. 4, 67 (1997).
K. Kajihara and T. Yao, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 12, 185 (1998).
K. Kajihara and T. Yao, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 12, 193 (1998).
K. Kajihara and T. Yao, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 16, 257 (1999).
K. Kajihara and T. Yao, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 17, 173-184 (2000).
A. Kagemoto, Y. Itoi, Y. Baba, and R. Fujishiro, Makromol. Chem. 150, 255 (1971).
K. Kajihara, K. Nakanishi, K. Tanaka, K. Hirao, and N. Soga, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 2670 (1998).
C.J. Brinker and G.W. Scherer, in Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, New York, 1990), Ch. 2.
C. Sanchez, J. Livage, M. Henry, and F. Babonneau, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 65 (1988).
H. Schmidt, H. Scholze, and A. Kaiser, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 63, 1 (1984).
K.C. Chen, T. Tsuchiya, and J.D. Mackenzie, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 81, 227 (1986).
J. Livage, M. Henry, and C. Sanchez, Prog. Solid State Chem. 18, 259 (1988).
M. Guglielmi and G. Carturan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 16 (1988).
C. Sanchez, F. Babonneau, S. Doeuff, and A. Leaustic, in Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics, edited by J.D. Mackenzie and D.R. Ulrich (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988), Ch. 4.
F. Babonneau, S. Doeuff, A. Leaustic, C. Sanchez, C. Cartier, and M. Verdaguer, Inorg. Chem. 27, 3166 (1988).
R.W. Adams, E. Bishop, R.L. Martin, and G. Winter, Aust. J. Chem. 19, 207 (1966).
E.A. Barringer and H.K. Bowen, Langmuir 1, 414 (1985).
M.T. Harris and C.H. Byers, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 103, 49 (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kajihara, K., Yao, T. Sol-Gel Derived Macroporous Titania Films Prepared from the System Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) Together with Long-Chain Alcohols. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 17, 239–245 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008768106725
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008768106725