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Gene and Genotypic Diversity of Phytophthora cinnamomi in South Africa and Australia Revealed by DNA Polymorphisms

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Abstract

Phytophthora cinnamomi isolates from South Africa and Australia were compared to assess genetic differentiation between the two populations. These two populations were analysed for levels of phenotypic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and gene and genotypic diversity using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Sixteen RAPD markers from four decanucleotide Operon primers and 34 RFLP alleles from 15 putative loci were used. A few isolates from Papua New Guinea known to posses alleles different from Australian isolates were also included for comparative purposes. South African and Australian P. cinnamomi populations were almost identical with an extremely low level of genetic distance between them (Dm=0.003). Common features for the two populations include shared alleles, low levels of phenotypic/genotypic diversity, high clonality, and low observed and expected levels of heterozygosity. Furthermore, relatively high levels of genetic differentiation between mating type populations (Dm South Africa=0.020 and Dm Australia=0.025 respectively), negative fixation indices, and significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, all provided evidence for the lack of frequent sexual reproduction in both populations. The data strongly suggest that both the South African and Australian P. cinnamomi populations are introduced.

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Author notes

  1. Celeste Linde

    Present address: Institute of Plant Sciences/Phytopathology, Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zentrum, LFW, Universitaetstr. 2/LFW-B16, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland (Fax

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ARC Fruit, Vine and Wine Research Institute, Infruitec, Plant Biotechnology and Pathology, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa

    Celeste Linde

  2. Institute of Plant Sciences/Phytopathology, Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zentrum, LFW, Universitaetstr. 2/LFW-B16, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland (Fax

    André Drenth

  3. Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Michael J. Wingfield

Authors
  1. Celeste Linde
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  2. André Drenth
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  3. Michael J. Wingfield
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Linde, C., Drenth, A. & Wingfield, M.J. Gene and Genotypic Diversity of Phytophthora cinnamomi in South Africa and Australia Revealed by DNA Polymorphisms. European Journal of Plant Pathology 105, 667–680 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008755532135

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