Subcontracting military power: The privatisation of security in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This article seeks to establish a clear differencebetween the classical view of mercenaries as hiredguns and the more recent, business oriented,phenomenon of private security companies. Thelimitations of the definitions currently used ininternational law will be explored and their impact onthe control of private military forces assessed. Thearticle will then go on to identify the particularcircumstances existing in Africa that provide such afertile environment for the operation of privatesecurity companies. The activities of ExecutiveOutcomes and Sandline International Ltd will be usedas case studies, particularly their operations inSierra Leone. Their corporate connections will behighlighted, especially their links to mineralextraction companies, and how these are used tofinance their operations by the host countries.Finally, recent attempts to legislate to control theactivities of these companies are examined.