Abstract
A gradual increase in blood pressure (BP), often attaining hypertensive levels, is common during aging - “age-related hypertension.” Therefore, means to prevent or ameliorate this elevated BP safely are important. Although oral B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a natural coenzyme, is used principally to treat various neurologic disorders, we wished to investigate whether this agent had the same potential to lower BP and benefit the cardiovascular system as does coenzyme Q10, a similar-type agent. As a first approximation, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used to determine effects of oral NADH. In a blinded, placebo-controlled study, ten rats received placebo; and ten, NADH for ten weeks. Systolic BP was measured by tail plethysmography. Blood was collected terminally, and chemistries were performed by routine methodologies. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) (an estimate of lipid peroxidation / free radical formation) was measured in renal and hepatic tissues. The following was noted: water and food intake were comparable, and the steady weight gain of young SHR were similar in the placebo and NADH groups. Although systolic BP did not differ between the two groups over the first month, it decreased and stayed markedly lower for the remainder of study in SHR receiving oral NADH. At the end of 60 days, SBP in NADH-treated SHR was 184 mm Hg ± 2.8 (SEM) compared to 201 mm Hg ± 2.1 (SEM) in control SHR (p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in blood levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and HDL levels but NADH intake lowered total cholesterol (p < 0.002) and LDL (p < 0.02). Renal TBARS were also significantly lower in SHR receiving NADH (P < 0.001). Accordingly, supplementation with the natural coenzyme NADH theoretically could prove to be useful in preventing age-related increases in BP and, thus, various cardiovascular maladies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
White A, Handier P, Smith EL. Biological oxidation in Principles of Biochemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, p. 320.
Vrecko K, Birkmayer JGD, Krainz J. Stimulation of dopamine biosynthesis in cultured PC 12 phaeochromocytoma cells by the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). J Neur Trans 1993; 5: 147-156.
Birkmayer JGD, Birkmayer W. The co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as biological antidepressant agent. Experience with 205 patients. New Trends in Neuropharmacology 1991; 5: 15-23.
Birkmayer JGD. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) the new therapeutic approach for improving dementia of Alzheimer type. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1989; 19: 38-43.
Birkmayer W, Birkmayer JBD, Vrecko C, Paletta B, Reschenhofer E, Ott E. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD'H) as medication for Parkinson's Disease. Experience with 415 patients. New Trends in Clin Neuropharmacol 1990; IV: 7-24.
Romero-Alvira D, Roche E. High blood pressure, oxygen radicals and antioxidants: etiological relationships. Med Hypotheses 1996; 46: 414-420.
Greenburg S, Frishman WH: Co-enzyme Q10: A new drug for cardiovascular disease. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: 596-608.
Okamoto K, Aoki K. Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Jap Cirn J 1963; 27: 282-293.
Preuss HG, Gondal JA, Bustos E, Bushehri N, Lieberman S, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Effect of chromium and guar on sugar-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Neph 1995; 44: 170-177.
Preuss MB, Preuss HG. Effects of sucrose on the blood pressure of various strains of Wistar rats. Lab Invest 1980; 43: 101-107.
Bunag RD. Validation in awake rats of a tail-cuff method measuring systolic pressure. J Appl Physiol 1973; 34: 279-282.
Loft JA, Turner K. Evaluation of Trinder's glucose oxidase method for measuring glucose in serum and urine. Clin Chem 1975; 21: 1754-1760.
Albano JDM., Ekins RP, Maritz G. A sensitive, precise radioimmunoassay of serum insulin relying on charcoal separation of bound and free hormone moieties. Acta Endocrinol 1972; 70: 487-509.
Buege JA, Hunt SD. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzymol 1978; LII: 302-306.
Draper HH, Squires EJ, Mahmoodj H, Wu J, Agarwal S, Hadley M. A comparative evaluation of thiobarbituric acid methods for the determination of malondialdehyde in biological materials. Free Rad Biol Med 1993; 15: 353-363.
Diplock AT. Antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention: An overview. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 189s-193s.
Solonen JT, Solonen R, Ihanainen M, Parviainen M, Sepparnen R, Kantola M, Seppanen K, Rauramaa R. Blood pressure, dietary fats, and antioxidants. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 1226-1232.
Salonen JT. Dietary fats, antioxidants, and blood pressure. Ann Med 1991; 23: 295-298.
Jacques PF. Effects of Vitamin C on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure. Int J Vit of Nutr Res 1992; 11: 139-144.
Ghosh SK, Ekpo EB, Shah IU, Girling AJ, Jenkins C, Sinclair AJ. A double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial of Vitamin C treatment in elderly patients with hypertension. Gerontology 1994; 40: 268-272.
Paolisso G, Balbi V, Volpe C, Varricchio G, Gambardella, A, Saccomanno F, Ammendola S, Varricchio M, D'orifrio F. Metabolic benefits deriving from chronic Vitamin C supplementation in aged non-insulin dependent diabetics. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14: 387-392.
Yoshioka M, Matsushita T, Churman Y. Inverse association of serum ascorbic acid level and blood pressure or rate of hypertension in male adults aged 30-39 years. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984; 54: 343-347.
Choi ESK, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Jacobs RA. Correlation of blood pressure with plasma ascorbic acid. Nutr Res 1991; 11: 1377-1382.
Jacques PF. A cross-sectional study of Vitamin C intake and blood pressure in the elderly. Intern J Vit and Nutr Res 1992; 62: 252-255.
Oster O, Prellwitz W. Selenium and cardiovascular disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 1990; 24: 91-103.
Galley HF, Thornton J, Howdle PD, Walker BE, Webster NR. Combination oral antioxidant supplementation reduces blood pressure. Clin Sci 1997; 92: 361-365.
Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium and control of vascular function: State of the Art Lecture. Hypertension 1989; 13: 658-667.
Efstratopoulos AD, Vacua SO. Effects of antioxidants on acute blood pressure response to smoking in normotensives and hypertensives. J Hyper 1993; 11(Suppl. 5): S112-S113.
Waggoner LO. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide: actions and properties. FASEB J 1989; 3: 31-36.
Dan S, Kumar KIN. Nitric oxide: its identity and role in blood pressure control. Life Sci 1995; 57: 1547-1556.
Dominiczak AD, Bohr DO. Nitric oxide and its putative role in hypertension. Hypertension 1995; 25: 1202-1211.
Auch-Schwelk W, Katusic Z, Vanity PM: Contractions to oxygen-derived free radicals are augmented in aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 1995; 162: 439-445.
van Acker SABE, Tromp MNJL, Haenen GRMM, van der Vijgh WJF, Bast A. Flavenoids as scavengers of nitric oxide Radical. Biochem Biophys Res Com 1995; 214: 755-759.
Swislocki AL, Hoffman BB. Reaven GM. Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in patients with hypertension. Am J Hyper 1989; 2: 419-423.
Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease (Banting Lecture 1988). Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-1607.
Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Stern MP. Essential hypertension: an insulin-resistant state. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15(Suppl. 5): 518-525.
DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosdlerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 173-194.
Sowers JR, Levy J, Zemel MB. Hypertension and diabetes. Med Clin North Am 1988; 72: 1399-1414.
Ceriello A, Giuglan D, Quatrato A, Lefebri PJ: Anti-oxidants show an anti-hy-pertensive effect in diabetic and hypertensive subjects. Clin Sci 1991; 81: 739-742.
Moreau P, Yamaguchi N, de Champlain J: Increased activity in the nitric oxide pathway during chronic euglycemic hyperinsutinemia in the rat. J Hyper 1993; 11(Suppl 5): S270-S271.
Meunier M-T, Villie F, Jonadet M, Bastide J, Bastide P: Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by flavonolic compounds: in vitro and in vivo studies. Planta Med 1987; 53: 12-15.
Wagner H, Elbl G, Lotter H, Guinea M. Evaluation of natural products as inhibitors of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Pharm Pharmacol Lett 1991; 1: 15-18.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bushri, N., Jarrell, T., Lieberman, S. et al. Oral reduced B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) affects blood pressure, lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile in hypertensive rats (SHR). Geriatric Nephrology and Urology 8, 95–100 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008242900153
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008242900153