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Improved Biquad Structures Using Double-Output Transconductance Blocks for Tunable Continuous-Time Filters

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing volume 13, pages 233–240 (1997)Cite this article

Abstract

A family of gm-C biquad structures is derived. These biquads require only a pair of grounded capacitors and three transconductors. It is shown that a pair of complex zeros can be realized simply by replicating the output stage of the transconductance block, thereby constructing a second output current that is proportional to the original output current. Although these biquad structures are very compact, they allow independent programming of the filter's center frequency andQ . IC simulations and measurements are presented using a fifth-order tunable filter as an example.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2350

    Vladimir I. Prodanov & Michael M. Green

Authors
  1. Vladimir I. Prodanov
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  2. Michael M. Green
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Prodanov, V.I., Green, M.M. Improved Biquad Structures Using Double-Output Transconductance Blocks for Tunable Continuous-Time Filters. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 13, 233–240 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008210029038

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008210029038

  • active filters
  • biquadratic filters
  • continous-time filters
  • tunable filters
  • analog integrated circuits