Skip to main content
Log in

ALFA: Adaptive Optics for the Calar Alto Observatory Optics, Control Systems, and Performance

  • Published:
Experimental Astronomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The adaptive optics system ALFA differs in some aspects from systems like ADONIS and PUEO which have delivered scientific results since years. Interchangeable lenslet arrays with different numbers of subapertures and a deformable mirror with many more actuators than the number of corrected modesresult in some peculiarities in the calibration of the system and the reconstruction of incident wavefronts.We describe the design of ALFA's optics and its modal control architecture with a focus on a comparative study of the performance of different mode sets used to correct the wavefront aberrations. An outlook on our plans to improve and simplify the use of ALFA is given.The last section is dedicated to issues related to observing with ALFA in its present state. Expected Strehl ratios for different seeing conditions and guide star magnitudes are summarized in a table. AO observations in general, direct imaging and doing spectroscopywith ALFA in particular are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Netherlands)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beker, O.: 1999, Atmospheric Disturbance Identification and LQG Control for an Adaptive Optics System, M.S. Thesis, University of Massachusetts.

  • Bonaccini, D. et al.: 1997, ‘S.T.R.A.P. for the VLT Instruments’, SPIE 3126, 580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, R. C.: 1996, ‘Optimal Basis Functions for Wavefront Simulation and Reconstruction’, JOSA A 13(4), 862–867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conan, J.-M., Rousset, G. and Madec, P.-Y.: 1995, ‘Wavefront Temporal Spectra in High-Resolution Imaging through Turbulence’, JOSA A 12, 1559–1570.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dai, G.-M.: 1996, ‘Modal Wavefront Reconstruction with Zernike Polynomials and Karhunen-Loève Functions’, JOSA A 13(6), 1218–1225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R. et al.: 2000, ‘The ALFA laser guide star: operation and results’, Experimental Astronomy 10(1), 103–121 (this issue).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hippler, S. et al.: 1998, ‘ALFA: The MPIA/MPE Adaptive Optics with a Laser for Astronomy Project’, SPIE 3353, 44–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glindemann, A. et al.: 1997, ‘CHARM-a Tip-Tilt Tertiary System for the Calar Alto 3.5 m Telescope’, PASP 109, 688–696.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glindemann, A. et al.: 2000, ‘Adaptive optics on large telescopes’, Experimental Astronomy 10(1), 5–47 (this issue).

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Mignant, D. et al.: 1999, ‘The ESO/ADONIS System: A 3 Years Experience in Observing Methods’, ESO proceedings 56, 287–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenzen, R., Bizenberger, P., Salm, N. and Storz, C.: 1998, ‘Omega Cass: A new multimode NIR-imager/ spectrometer for the Calar Alto observatory’, SPIE 3354, 493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Looze, D. P. and Freudenberg, J. S.: 1996, ‘Tradeoffs and Limitations in Feedback Systems’, in The Control Handbook, W. S. Levine (ed.), CRC Press, pp. 537–550.

  • Looze, D. P., Beker, O., Kasper, M. and Hippler, S.: 1999, Compensator Design for the ALFA Adaptive Optics System, submitted to 1999 Conference on Control Applications, Hawaii.

  • Mahajan, V. N.: 1994, ‘Zernike Annular Polynomials and Optical Aberrations of Systems with Annular Pupils’, Suppl. to Applied Optics, 8125–812.

  • Max, C. E. et al.: 1997, ‘Image improvement from a sodium-layer laser guide star adaptive optics system’, Science 277, 1649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, C. L. and Hanson, R. J.: 1974, Solving Least Squares Problems, Prentice-Hall.

  • Noll, R. J.: 1976, Zernike polynomials and atmospheric turbulence, JOSA 66(3), 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridgway, S.: 1998, Scientific Programs in Adaptive Optics-An Overview and Commentary, SPIE 3353, 438–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigaut, F. and Sarazin, M.: 1999, ‘Seeing constraints in Adaptive Optics Calibrations’, ESO proceedings 56, 383–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roggemann, M. C.: 1996, Imaging through turbulence, CRC Press.

  • Weitzel, L. et al.: 1996, ‘3D: The Next Generation Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer’, A&A Suppl. Ser. 119, 531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirth, A., Navetta, J., Looze, D., Hippler, S., Glindemann, A. and Hamilton, D.: 1998, ‘Real-time modal control implementation for adaptive optics’, Applied Optics 37(21), 4586–4597.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Kasper.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kasper, M., Looze, D.P., Hippler, S. et al. ALFA: Adaptive Optics for the Calar Alto Observatory Optics, Control Systems, and Performance. Experimental Astronomy 10, 49–73 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008165402336

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008165402336

Navigation