Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana H-84, which has toleranceto high temperatures and high concentrations ofCO2, has been isolated from a hot spring inJapan. Large-scale culturing of C. sorokinianawas carried out in air containing 10% CO2.Analysis of the biomass shows that protein, carbohydrate and lipids comprised 68.5, 11.9 and10.0% of dry matter, respectively. The totalcarotenoids comprised 0.69% dry matter. The luteinand β-carotene contents were 4300 and 600 μgg-1 dry weight, respectively. Theα-tocopherol content was 112 μg g-1 dry weight. These carotenoids and α-tocopherolare known to possess radical scavenging activity.Two fractions with radical scavenging activity wereisolated from the aqueous extract of C.sorokiniana H-84. The extract showed several singlepeaks by reversed phase HPLC analysis and two of themhad molecular weights of 710 and 1286, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AOAC (1995) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Chemists, 16th edn, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, 24 pp.
Bar E, Rise M, Vishkautsan M, Arad SM (1995) Pigment and structural changes in Chlorella zofingiensis upon light and nitrogen stress. J. Plant Physiol. 146: 527-534.
Belkoura M, Dauta A (1994) Photosynthetic characteristics of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss, in relation to light intensity and temperature: Correlation with the growth rate. Annls Limnol. 30: 3-9.
Blois MS (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1200.
Cowan AK, Logie MRR, Rose PD, Phillips LG (1995) Stress induction of zeaxanthin formation in the beta-carotene accumulating alga Dunaliella salina Teod. J. Plant Physiol. 146: 554-562.
Gapasin RSJ, Bombeo R, Lavens P, Sorgeloos P, Nelis H (1998) Enrichment of live food with essential fatty acids and vitamin C: Effects on milkfish (Chanos chanos) larval performance, Aquaculture 162: 269-286.
Hamasaki K, Takeuchi T, Sekiya S (1998) Dietary value for larval swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus of marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis cultured with several feeds. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 64: 841-846.
Kessler E, Huss VA (1992) Comparative physiology and biochemistry and taxonomic assignment of the Chlorella (Chlorophyceae) strains of the culture collection of the University of Texas at Austin. J. Phycol. 29: 550-553.
Leach G, Oliveira G, Morais R (1998) Production of a carotenoidrich products by alginate entrapment and fluid-bed drying of Dunaliella salina. J. Sci. Food Agric. 76: 298-302.
Lichtenthaler, HK (1987) Functional organization of carotenoids and prenylquinones in the photosynthetic membrane. In Stumpf PK, Mudd JB, David W (eds), The Metabolism Structure, and Function of Plant Lipids. Plenum Press, NY, pp. 63-73.
Mahasneh IA (1997) Production of single cell protein from five strains of the microalga Chlorella spp. (Chlorophyta). Cytobios 90: 153-161.
Martin KR, Failla ML, Smith JC, Jr (1996) Beta-carotene and lutein protect HepG2 human liver cells against oxidant induced damage. J. Nutr. 126: 2098-2106.
Maruyama I, Ando Y, Maeda T, Hirayama K (1989) Uptake of vitamin B12 by various strains of unicellular algae Chlorella. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55: 1785-1790.
Matsukawa R, Wada Y, Tan N, Sakai N, Chihara M, Karube I (1998) Antioxidant activity of CO2 fixing microalgae. In Inui T, Anpo K, Izui, S, Yanagida S, Yamaguchi T (eds), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 114: 641-644.
Neidhardt J, Benemann JR, Zhang L, Melis A (1998) Photosystem-II repair and chloroplast recovery from irradiance stress: Relationship between chronic photoinhibition, light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size and photosynthetic productivity in Dunaliella salina (green algae). Photosynth. Res. 56: 175-184.
Sakai N, Sakamoto Y, Kishimoto N, Chihara M, Karube I (1995) Chlorella strains from hot springs tolerant to high temperature and high CO2. Energy Convers. Mgmt. 36: 693-696.
Schwartz JL (1996) The dual roles of nutrients as antioxidants and prooxidants: Their effects on tumor cell growth. J. Nutr. 126: 1221S-1227S.
Siefermann-Harms (1985) Carotenoids in photosynthesis. I. Location in photosynthetic membranes and light-harvesting function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 811: 325-355.
Stahl W, Junghans A, De-Boer B, Driomina ES, Briviba K, Sies H (1998) Carotenoid mixtures protect multilamellar liposomes against oxidative damage: Synergistic effects of lycopene and lutein. FEBS Let. 427: 305-308.
Tojo K, Lee AC (1989) Skin penetration of vitamin C and E. J. Soc. cosmet. Chem. 40: 119-125.
Yoshimatsu T, Imoto H, Hayashi M, Toda K, Yoshimura K (1997) Preliminary results in improving essential fatty acids enrichment of rotifer cultured in high density. Hydrobiologia 358: 153-157.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matsukawa, R., Hotta, M., Masuda, Y. et al. Antioxidants from carbon dioxide fixing Chlorella sorokiniana . Journal of Applied Phycology 12, 263–267 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008141414115
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008141414115