Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sorghum carbohydrates – A review

  • Published:
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A review of literature on nonstructural and structural carbohydrate contents in sorghum is presented. This review describes the influence of temperature, maturity, genotype, culm section, spacing, and fertilization on nonstructural carbohydrate contents. The starch properties and the chief criteria of sorghum malt quality are discussed. Differences in structural carbohydrate contents in leaves and stems are reported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nordin P (1958) Sorghum-grain. The soluble sugars. Trans Kans Acad Sci 62: 212–215.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Watson SA, Hirata Y (1960) Carbohydrates in grain sorghum kernels, Newsletter 3: 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boyer CD, Liu KC (1983) Starch and water-soluble polysaccharides from sugary endosperm of sorghum. Phytochemistry 22: 2513–2515.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Watson SA, Hirata Y (1955) The wet milling properties of grain sorghums. Agron J 47: 11–15.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Freeman JE, Watson SA (1971) Influence of sorghum endosperm pigments on starch quality. Cereal Sci Today 16: 378.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Subramanian V, Hoseney RC, Bramel-Cox P (1994) Factors affecting the color and appearance of sorghum starch. Cereal Chem 71: 275–278.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Murty DS, Singh U, Suryaprakash S, Nicodemus KD (1985) Soluble sugars in five endosperm types of sorghum. Cereal Chem 62: 150–152.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Murty DS, Nicodemus KD, House LR (1982) Inheritance of basmati and dimpled seed in sorghum. Crop Sci 22: 1080–1082.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ejeta G, Axtell JD (1987) Dry-matter accumulation and carbohydrate composition in developing normal-and high-lysine sorghum grain. J Agric Food Chem 35: 981–985.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kulp K, Lorenz K (1981) Heat-moisture treatment of starches, I: Physicochemical properties. Cereal Chem 58: 46–48.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Young R, Gomez MH, Mc Donough CM, Waniska RD, Rooney LW (1993) Changes in sorghum starch during parboiling. Cereal Chem 70: 179–183.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Young R, Haidara M, Rooney LW, Waniska RD (1990) Parboiled sorghum: Development of a novel, decorticated product. J Cereal Chem 11: 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Beta T, Rooney LW, Waniska RD (1995) Malting characteristics of sorghum cultivars. Cereal Chem 72: 533–538.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Novellie L (1959) Determination of amylases in kafficorn malts. J Sci Food Agric 10: 441–449.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Novellie L (1962) Kafficorn malting and brewing studies, XII: Effect of malting conditions on malting losss and total amylase activity. J Sci Food Agric 13: 121–123.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ratnavathi CV, Ravi SB (1991) Effect of different durations of steeping and malting on the production of α-amylase in sorghum. J Cereal Sci 14: 287–296.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Subramanian V, Jambunathan R, Suryaprakash S (1980) Note on the soluble sugars of sorghum. Cereal Chem 57: 440–441.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Neucere NJ, Sumrell G (1980) Chemical composition of different varieties of grain sorghum. J Agric Food Chem 28: 19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Koch RB, Geddes WF, Smith F (1951) The carbohydrates of the gramineae, I: The sugars of the flour of wheat (Triticum vulgare). Cereal Chem 28: 424–430.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Saunders RM, Walker HG (1969) The sugars of wheat bran. Cereal Chem 47: 85–92.

    Google Scholar 

  21. MacArthur LA, D'Appolonia BL (1979) Comparison of oat and wheat carbohydrates, I: Sugars. Cereal Chem 56: 455.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Karper RW, Quinby JR (1963) Sugary endosperm in sorghum. J Heredity 54: 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Smith LH (1962) Water soluble carbohydrates in four cut for silage. Crop Sci 2: 432–434.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sharma KP, Bhatia IS (1980). Sucrose metabolism in sorghum vulgareat ripening. Physiol Plant 48: 470–476.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Parrish DJ, Gammon TC, Grover B (1985) Production of fermentables and biomass by six temperate fuel crops. Energy in Agric 4: 319–330.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Miller FR, Creelman RA (1980) Sorghum-a new fuel. In: HD Loden, D Wilkinson (eds), Proc Annu Corn, Sorghum Res Conf 35th Chicago IL, Dec 1980. Chicago, IL: Am Seco Trade Assoc, pp 219–232.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tarpley L, Lingle SE, Vietor DM, Andrews DL, Miller FR (1994) Enzymatic control of nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in stems and panicles of sorghum. Crop Sci 34: 446–452.

    Google Scholar 

  28. McBee G, Miller FR (1982) Carbohydrates in sorghum culms as influenced by cultivars, spacing, and maturity over a diurnal period. Crop Sci 22: 381–385.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lechtenberg VL, Holt DA, Youngberg HW (1973) Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates of sorghum sudanense(Stapf) as influenced by environment. Agron J 65: 579–583.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kiniry JR, Tischler CR, Rosenthal WD, Gerik TJ (1992) Nonstructural carbohydrate utilization by sorghum and maize shaded during grain growth. Crop Sci 32: 131–137.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Newton RJ, Meckenstock DH, Miller FR (1983) Soluble carbohydrates in developing sorghum caryopses. Crop Sci 23: 80–82.

    Google Scholar 

  32. McBee GG, Miller FR (1983) Stem carbohydrate and lignin concentrations in sorghum hybrids at seven growth stages. Crop Sci 33: 530–534.

    Google Scholar 

  33. McBee GG, Waskom RM, Miller FR, Creelman RA (1983) Effect of senescence and nonsenescence on carbohydrates in sorghum during late kernel maturity states. Crop Sci 23: 372–376.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Vietor DM, Miller FR, Cralle HT (1990) Nonstructural carbohydrates in axillary branches and main stem of senescent and nonsenescent sorghum types. Crop Sci 30: 97–100.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pauli AW, Stickler FC (1961) Leaf removal in grain sorghum, II: Trends in dry matter, carbohydrates, and nitrogen following defoliation. Agron J 53: 102–105.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bailey RW(1973) Structural carbohydrates. In: GW Butler, RW Bailey (eds), Chemistry and biochemistry of herbage, vol I, pp 157–211. London/New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hatfield RD (1989) Structural polysaccharides in forages and their degradability. Agron J 81: 39–46.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Wilkie KCB (1979) The hemicelluloses of grasses and cereals. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 36: 215–264.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Woolard GR, Novellie L, Van der Walt SJ (1976) Note on the isolation of sorghum husk polysaccharides and fractionation of hemicellulose B. Cereal Chem 53: 601–608.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Verbruggen MA, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ (1995) The selective extraction of glucuronoarabinoxylans from sorghum endosperm cell walls using barium and potassium hydroxide solutions. J Cereal Sci 21: 271–282.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Verbruggen MA, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ, Hollemans M (1993) Water-unextractable cell wall material from sorghum: isolation and characterization. J Cereal Sci 17: 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  42. McBee G, Miller FR (1990) Carbohydrate and lignin partitioning in sorghum stems and blades. Agron J 82: 687–690.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gerhardt RL, Fritz JO, Moore KJ, Jaster EH (1994) Digestion kinetics and composition of normal and brown Midrib sorghum morphological components. Crop Sci 34: 1353–1361.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Nandra KS, Gupta BK, Chopra AK (1983). The effect of stage of maturity on the digestion of hemicelluloses of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). J Sci Food Agric 34: 962–964.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, via Cassia 176, I-00191, Roma, Italy

    C. Anglani

Authors
  1. C. Anglani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anglani, C. Sorghum carbohydrates – A review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 52, 77–83 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007944219239

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007944219239

Search

Navigation