References
Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-1035.
Iribarren C, Folsom A, Jacobs DR, et al. Association of serum vitamin levels, LDL susceptibility to oxidation, and autoantibodies against MDA-LDL with carotid atherosclerosis. A case-control study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:1171-1177.
Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomized controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet 1996;347:781-786.
Keaney JF, Gaziano JM, Xu A, et al. Low-dose alpha-tocopherol improves and high-dose alpha-tocopherol worsens endothelial vasodilator function in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Clin Invest 1994;93:844-851.
Baoutina A, Dean RT, Jessup W. α-Tocopherol supplementation of macrophages does not influence their ability to oxidize LDL. J Lipid Res 1998;39:114-130.
Witting PK, Bowry VW, Stocker R. Inverse deuterium kinetic isotope effect for peroxidation in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL): A simple test for tocopherol-mediated peroxidation of LDL lipids. FEBS Lett 1995;375:45-49.
Kontush A, Finck B, Karten B, Kohlschütter A, Beisiegel U. Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of a-tocopherol in human plasma and low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 1996;37:1436-1448.
Neuzil J, Thomas SR, Stocker R. Requirement for, promotion, or inhibition by α-tocopherol of radical-induced initiation of plasma lipoprotein lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 1997;22:57-71.
Kleinveld HA, Hak-Lemmers HLM, Hectors MOC, de Fouw NJ, Demacker PNM, Stalenhoef AFH. Vitamin E and fatty acid intervention does not attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:290-297.
Parker RA, Sabrah T, Cap M, Gill BT. Relation of vascular oxidative stress, α-tocopherol, and hypercholesterolemia to early atherosclerosis in hamsters. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:349-358.
Fruebis J, Bird DA, Pattison J, Palinski W. Extent of antioxidant protection of plasma LDL is not a predictor of the antiatherogenic effect of antioxidants. J Lipid Res 1997;38: 2455-2464.
Bowry VW, Stocker R. Tocopherol-mediated peroxidation. The prooxidant effect of vitamin E on the radical-initiated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein. J Am Chem Soc 1993;115:6029-6044.
Thomas SR, Neuzil J, Stocker R. Co-supplementation with coenzyme Q prevents the prooxidant effect of α-tocopherol and increases the resistance of LDL to transition metal-dependent oxidation initiation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:687-96.
Upston JM, Neuzil J, Stocker R. Oxidation of LDL by recombinant human 15-lipoxygenase: Evidence for α-tocopherol-dependent oxidation of esterified core and surface lipids. J Lipid Res 1996;37:2650-2661.
Kontush A, Meyer S, Finck B, Kohlschütter A, Beisiegel U. α-Tocopherol as a reductant for Cu(II) in human lipoproteins. Triggering role in the initiation of lipoprotein oxidation. J Biol Chem 1996;271:11106-11112.
Bowry VW, Mohr D, Cleary J, Stocker R. Prevention of tocopherol-mediated peroxidation in ubiquinol-10-free human low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 1995;270: 5756-5763.
Neuzil J, Stocker R. Free and albumin-bound bilirubin are efficient co-antioxidants for α-tocopherol, inhibiting plasma and low density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation. J Biol Chem 1994;269:16712-16719.
Witting PK, Westerlund C, Stocker R. A rapid and simple screening test for potential inhibitors of tocopherol-mediated peroxidation of LDL lipids. J Lipid Res 1996;37:853-867.
Neuzil J, Witting PK, Stocker R. α-Tocopheryl hydroquinone is an efficient multifunctional inhibitor of radical-initiated oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;96:7885-7890.
Dabbagh AJ, Frei B. Human suction blister interstitial fluid prevents metal ion-dependent oxidation of low density lipoprotein by macrophages and in cell-free systems. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1958-1966.
Neuzil J, Darlow BA, Inder TE, Sluis KB, Winterbourn CC, Stocker R. Oxidation of parenteral lipid emulsion by ambient and phototherapy lights: Potential toxicity of routine parenteral feeding. J Pediatr 1995;126:185-190.
Suarna C, Dean R, May J, Stocker R. Human atherosclerotic plaque contains both oxidized lipids and relatively large amounts of α-tocopherol and ascorbate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:1616-1624.
Plump AS, Smith JD, Hayek T, et al. Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell 1992;71:343-353.
Neuzil J, Christison JK, Iheanacho E, et al. Radical-induced lipoprotein and plasma lipid oxidation in normal and apolipoprotein E gene knockout (apoE-/-) mice: apoE-/- mouse as a model for testing the role of tocopherol-mediated peroxidation in atherogenesis. J Lipid Res 1998;39:354-368.
Tangirala RK, Casanada F, Miller E, Witztum JL, Steinberg D, Palinski W. Effect of the antioxidant N,N′-diphenyl 1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) on atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15:1625-1630.
Kühn H, Belkner J, Zaiss S, Fahrenklemper T, Wohlfeil S. Involvement of 15-lipoxygenase in early stages of atherogenesis. J Exp Med 1994;179:1903-1911.
Upston JM, Neuzil J, Witting PK, Alleva R, Stocker R. Oxidation of free fatty acids in low density lipoprotein by 15-lipoxygenase stimulates nonenzymic, α-tocopherol-mediated peroxidation of cholesteryl esters. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:30067-30074.
Neuzil J, Upston JM, Witting PK, Scott K, Stocker R. Secretory phospholipase A2 and lipoprotein lipase enhance 15-lipoxygenase-induced enzymic and non-enzymic lipid peroxidation in low-density lipoprotein lipids. Biochemistry 1998;37:9203-9290.
Sen CK, Packer L. Antioxidant and redox regulation of gene transcription. FASEB J 1996;10:709-720.
Lander HM. An essential role for free radicals and derived species in signal transduction. FASEB J 1997;11:118-224.
Deveraj S, Jialal I. The effect of alpha-tocopherol on critical cells in atherogenesis. Curr Opin Lipidol 1998;9:11-15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neuzil, J., Baoutina, A. α-Tocopherol in Atherogenesis: Do we Know its Real Role?. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 12, 421–423 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007782012646
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007782012646