Skip to main content
Log in

Coalescing, Event Commutativity, and Theories of Utility

  • Published:
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Preferences satisfying rank-dependent utility exhibit three necessary properties: coalescing (forming the union of events having the same consequence), status-quo event commutativity, and rank-dependent additivity. The major result is that, under a few additional, relatively non-controversial, necessary conditions on binary gambles and assuming mappings are onto intervals, the converse is true. A number of other utility representations are checked for each of these three properties (see Table 2, Section 7).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aczél, J. (1966). Lectures on Functional Equations and Their Applications. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aczél, J., R. Ger, and A. Járai. (Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society). “Solution of a functional equation arising from utility that is both separable and additive,” in press.

  • Birnbaum, M. H., and W. R. McIntosh. (1996). “Reasons for rank-dependent utility evaluation,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 67, 91-110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, M. H., and J. Navarrete. (submitted). “Testing rank-and sign-dependent utility theories: Violations of stochastic dominance and cumulative independence.”

  • Birnbaum, M. H., G. Coffey, B. A. Mellers, and R. Weiss. (1992). “Utility measurement: Configural-weight theory and the judge's point of view,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18, 331-346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brothers, A. (1990). An Empirical Investigation of Some Properties that are Relevant to Generalized Expectedbl-Utility Theory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Irvine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chechile, R. A., and A. D. J. Cooke. (1997). “An experimental test of a general class of utility models: Evidence for context dependency,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 14, 75-93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chew, S. H. (1983). “A generalization of the quasilinear mean with applications to the measurement of income inequality and decision theory resolving the Allais paradox,” Econometrica 51, 1065-1092.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chew, S. H., L. G. Epstein, and U. Segal. (1991). “Mixture symmetry and quadratic utility,” Econometrica 59, 139-163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Y., R. D. Luce, and D. von Winterfeldt. (1994). “Tests of assumptions about the joint receipt of gambles in rank-and sign-dependent utility theory,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20, 931-943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung, N.-K., D. von Winterfeldt, and R. D. Luce. (1994). “An experimental test of event commutativity in decision making under uncertainty,” Psychological Science 5, 394-400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, W. (1962). “Subjective probabilities inferred from decisions,” Psychological Review 69, 109-135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fennema, H., and P. Wakker. (1997). “Original and new prospect theory: A discussion of empirical differences,” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 10, 53-64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishburn, P. C. (1978). “On Handa's 'New theory of cardinal utility' and the maximization of expected return,” Journal of Political Economy 86, 321-324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilboa, I. (1987). “Expected utility with purely subjective non-additive probabilities,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 16, 65-88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, S. J. (1995). “Regret aversion and event-splitting effects? More evidence under risk and uncertainty,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 11, 263-274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky. (1979). “Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk,” Econometrica 47, 263-291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krantz, D. H., R. D. Luce, P. Suppes, and A. Tversky. (1971). Foundations of Measurement, Vol. I. San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D. (1988). “Rank-and sign-dependent linear utility models for finite first-order gambles,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 4, 29-59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D. (1990). “Rational versus plausible accounting equivalences in preference judgments,” Psychological Science 1, 225-234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D. (1996). “When four distinct ways to measure utility are the same,” Journal of Mathematical Psychology 40, 297-317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D. (1997). “Associative joint receipts,” Mathematical Social Sciences 34, 51-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D., and P. C. Fishburn. (1991). “Rank-and sign-dependent linear utility models for finite first-order gambles,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 4, 25-59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D., and P. C. Fishburn. (1995). “A note on deriving rank-dependent utility using additive joint receipts,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 11, 5-16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D., and L. Narens. (1985). “Classification of concatenation measurement structures according to scale type,” Journal of Mathematical Psychology 29, 1-72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R. D., and D. von Winterfeldt. (1994). “What common ground exists for descriptive, prescriptive, and normative utility theories?” Management Science 40, 263-279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfanzagl, J. (1959). “A general theory of measurement-Applications to utility,” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 6, 283-294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfanzagl, J. (1968). Theory of Measurement. Würzburg-Wien: Physica-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quiggin, J. (1993). Generalized Expected Utility Theory: The Rank-Dependent Model. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, L. J. (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmeidler, D. (1989). “Subjective probability and expected utility without additivity,” Econometrica 57, 571-587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A. (1956). “Rational choice and the structure of the environment,” Psychological Review 63, 129-138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starmer, C., and R. Sugden. (1989). “Violations of the independence axiom in common ratio problems: An experimental test of some competing hypotheses,” Annals of Operations Research 19, 79-101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starmer, C., and R. Sugden. (1993). “Testing for juxtaposition and event-splitting effects,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 6, 235-254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, A., and C. R. Fox. (1995). “Weighing risk and uncertainty,” Psychological Review 102, 269-283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman. (1986). “Rational choice and framing of decisions,” Journal of Business 59, S251-S278. Also in R. M. Hogarth & M. W. Reder (Eds.) (1987). Rational Choice. The Contrast between Economics and Psychology. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Pp. 67-94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman. (1992). “Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 5, 204-217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, A., and D. K. Koehler. (1994). “Support theory: A nonextensional representation of uncertainty,” Psychological Review 101, 547-567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viscusi, W. K. (1989). “Prospective reference theory: Toward an explanation of the paradoxes,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 2, 235-264.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Neumann, and O. Morgenstern. (1947). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (2nd Ed.). Princeton, NJ: The Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Winterfeldt, D., N.-K. Chung, R. D. Luce, and Y. Cho. (1997). “Tests of consequence monotonicity in decision making under uncertainty,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 23, 406-426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P. (1989). Additive Representations of Preferences: A New Foundation of Decision Analysis. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P. (1991). “Additive representations on rank-ordered sets. I. The algebraic approach,” Journal of Mathematical Psychology 35, 501-531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P. (1993). “Additive representations on rank-ordered sets II. The topological approach,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 22, 1-26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P. (1994). “Separating marginal utility and probabilistic risk aversion,” Theory and Decision 36, 1-44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P. P., I. Erev, and E. Weber. (1994). “Comonotonic independence: The critical test between classical and rank-dependent utility theories,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 9, 195-230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakker, P., and A. Tversky. (1993). “An axiomatization of cumulative prospect theory,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 7, 147-176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, E. U., and B. Kirsner. (1997). “Reasons for rank-dependent utility evaluation,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 14, 41-61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, G. (1994). “An empirical test of ordinal independence,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 9, 39-60.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Luce, R. Coalescing, Event Commutativity, and Theories of Utility. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 16, 87–114 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007762425252

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007762425252

Navigation