Skip to main content
Log in

The Limits of Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Therapy

  • Published:
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn't. Br Med J 1996;312:71-72.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lind J. A Treatise of The Scurvy. Printed by Sands, Murray, & Cochran for A. Millar, in the Strand, London, 1753.

  3. Abraham EP, Gardner D, Chain E, Heatley NG, et al. Further observations on penicillin. Lancet 1941;2:177-189.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Medical Research Council Investigation. Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Br Med J 1948; 2:669-782.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Di Bianco, R, Shabetai R, Kostuk W, et al. For the Milrinone Multicenter Trial Group. A comparison of oral milrinone, digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1989;320:677-683.

    Google Scholar 

  6. PROMISE Study Research Group. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468-1475.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cowley AJ, Skene AM, on behalf of the Enoximone Investigators. Treatment of severe heart failure: Quantity or quality of life? A trial of enoximone. Br Heart J 1994;72:226-230.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Packer M, Rouleau J, Swedberg K, et al. and the PROFILE Investigators. Effect of flosequinan on survival in chronic heart failure: Preliminary results of the PROFILE Study. Circulation 1993;88:1610.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hampton JR, van Veldhuisen DJ, Klebber FX, et al. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Lancet 1997;349:971-77.

    Google Scholar 

  10. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989;321:406-412.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:525-533.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A Multicenter International Study. Improvement in prognosis of myocardial infarction by long-term beta-adrenoreceptor blockade using practolol. Br Med J 1975;3:735-740.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Doval HC, Nul DR, Grancelli HO, Perrone SV, Bortman GR, Curiel R, for Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaco en Argentina (GESICA). Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Lancet 1994;344:493-498.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schwartz PJ, Camm AJ, Frangin G, Janse MJ, Julian DG, Simon P, on behalf of the EMIAT Investigators. Does amiodarone reduce sudden death and cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 1994;15:620-624.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cairns JA, Connolly SJ, Roberts R, Gent M, for the Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial Investigators. Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT. Lancet 1997;349:675-682.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Waldo AL, Camm AJ, de Ruyter H, et al. for the SWORD Investigators. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet 1996;348:7-12.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Streptochinasi Nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI). Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986;1:397-401.

    Google Scholar 

  18. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988;2:349-360.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wilcox RG, Von der Lippe G, Olsson CG, Jensen G, Skene AM, Hampton JR, for The Anglo-Scandinavian Study of Early Thrombolysis Group. Effects of alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: 6-month results from the ASSET Study. Lancet 1990;335:1175-1178.

    Google Scholar 

  20. The International Study Group. In-hospital mortality and clinical course of 20,891 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction randomised between alteplase and streptokinase with or without heparin. Lancet 1990;336:71-75.

    Google Scholar 

  21. ISIS-3. (Third International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. ISIS-3: A randomised comparison of streptokinase vs. tissue plasminogen activator vs. anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs. aspirin alone among 41,299 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet.

  22. The GUSTO Investigators. An international randomised trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:673-682.

    Google Scholar 

  23. CAPRIE Steering Group. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329-1339.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Narang R, Swedberg K, Cleland JGF. What is the ideal study design for evaluation of treatment for heart failure? Insights from trials assessing the effect of ACE inhibitors on exercise capacity. Eur Heart J 1996;17:120-134.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hampton JR, Cowley AJ, for the Trandolapril Study Group. Failure of an ACE-inhibitor to improve exercise tolerance: A randomised study of trandolapril. Eur Heart J, in press.

  26. Kober L, et al. for the Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1670-1676.

    Google Scholar 

  27. The GUSTO Angiographic Investigators. The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 1615-1622.

    Google Scholar 

  28. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO III) Investigators. A comparison of reteplase with alteplase for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1118-1123.

    Google Scholar 

  29. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995;345:669-685.

    Google Scholar 

  30. LeLorier J, Gregoire G, Benhaddad A, Lapierre J, Derderian F. Discrepancies between meta-analyses and subsequent large randomised, controlled trials. N Engl J Med 1997;337:536-542.

    Google Scholar 

  31. International Joint Efficacy Comparison of Thrombolytics. Randomised, double-blind comparison of reteplase double-bolus administration with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (INJECT): Trial to investigate equivalence. Lancet 1995;346:329-336.

    Google Scholar 

  32. The Continuous Infusion versus Double-Blind Administration of Alteplase (COBALT) Investigators. A comparison of continuous infusion of alteplase with double-bolus administration for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1124-1130.

    Google Scholar 

  33. RITA Trial Participants. Coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery: The Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA) trial. Lancet 1993;341:573-580.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wilcox RG, Hampton JR, Banks DC, et al. Trial of early nifedipine in acute myocardial infarction: The TRENT Study. Br Med J 1986;293:1204-1208.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-1389.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1301-1307.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-1009.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hampton, J. The Limits of Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 12, 487–491 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007762318098

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007762318098

Keywords

Navigation