Abstract
This paper examines relationships among deviant behaviors such as cocaine abuse, crime, and family history of deviance; demographics; and psychological characteristics such as aggression, sensation seeking, confidence to resist taking cocaine and risk taking tendency to use cocaine in different situations; psychiatric symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsiveness, somatization, attention deficit); and social characteristics such as social adjustment. The sample consisted of men, mean age 35 years, who were veterans of the armed services. Canonical correlation analysis showed three significant canonical variates: The first indicated that verbal aggression, general sensation seeking, and a problem index for situations involving urges to use cocaine were positively related to number of times arrested and negatively related to age. The second revealed that experience seeking and problem indices for situations involving urges to use cocaine and for those involving pleasant times, were positively related to last cocaine use consumption level, total lifetime grams of cocaine used, and alcohol problems of the immediate family. The third showed that verbal aggression and a problem index for risk situations for use involving pleasant times were positively related, and experience seeking was negatively related, to number of times arrested, number of times incarcerated in the previous 30 days, age, and last cocaine use level. The implications of the associations found among these variables are discussed as they pertain to prevention, treatment, and future research.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Fowler, RC, Rich, CL, Young, D: San Diego suicide study. Arch Gen Psych 1986; 43:962-965
Dimilio, L: Psychiatric syndromes in adolescent substance abusers. Am J Psych 1989; 146:1212-1214
Robins, LN, Rutter, M: Straight and deviant pathways from childhood to adulthood. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1990
Farrington, DP: Later adult life outcomes of offenders and non-offenders. In: Brambring, M: Losel, F, Skowronek, H, eds. Children at Risk: Assessment, Longitudinal Research, and Intervention. New York: Aldine de Gruyter; 1989:220-224
Simpson, DD, Joe, GW, Fletcher, BW, Hubbard, RL, Anglin, MD: A national evaluation of treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence. Arch Gen Psych 1999; 57:507-514
Buckstein, OG, Brent, DA, Kaminar, Y: Comorbidity of substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders in adolescence. Am J Psych 1989; 146:1131-1141
Kaplan, HB: Drugs, crime, and other deviant adaptations. In: Kaplan, HB, ed. Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations: Longitudinal Studies. Longitudinal research in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary series. New York: Plenum Press; 1995:3-46
Schaffer, JW, Nurco, DN, Hanlon, TE, Kinlock, TW, Duzynski, KR, Stephenson, P: MMPI—168 Profiles of male narcotic addicts by ethnic group and city. J Clin Psych 1988; 44:292-298
Kaestner, E, Rosen, L, Appel, P: Patterns of drug abuse: Relationships with ethnicity, sensation seeking and anxiety. J Cons Clin Psych 1977; 65:462-468
Kendler, KS, Heath, AC, Neale, MC, Kessler, RC, Eaves, LJ: Alcoholism and major depression in women. Arch Gen Psych 1993; 5:690-698
Calafat, A, Amengual, M, Palmer, A, Saliba, C: Drug use and its relationship to other behavior disorders and maladjustment signs among adolescents. Subs Use Misuse 1997; 32:1-25
Friedman, AS: Substance use/abuse as a predictor to illegal and violent behavior. Agg Viol Beh 1988; 3:339-355
Osgood, DW, Johnston, LD, O'Malley, PM: The generality of deviance in late adolescence and early childhood. Am Socio Rev 1988; 53:81-93
Ball, SA, Carrol, KM, Rounsaville, BJ: Sensation seeking, substance abuse, and psychopathology in treatment-seeking and community cocaine abusers. J Cons Clin Psych 1994; 62:1053-1057
Havassay, BE, Arns, PG: Relationship of cocaine and substance dependence to well-being of high-risk psychiatric patients. Psych Serv 1998; 49:935-940
Caudill, BD, Hoffman, JA, Hubbard, RL, Flynn, PM: Parental history of substance abuse as a risk factor predicting crack smokers' substance use, illegal activities, and psychiatric status. Am J Drug Alc Abuse 1994; 20:341-354
Ziedonis, DM, Rayford, BS, Bryant, KJ, Rounsaville, BJ: Psychiatric comorbidity in white and African-American cocaine addicts seeking substance abuse treatment. Hosp Comm Psych 1994; 45:43-49
Henderson, MJ, Galen, LW, Deluca, JW: Temperament style and substance abuse characteristics. Subs Abuse 1998; 2:61-70
Newcomb, MD, Maddahian, E, Bentler, PM: Risk factors for drug use among adolescents: Concurrent and longitudinal analysis. Am J Pub Health 1986; 76:525-531
Tabachnick, BG, Fidell, LS: Using Multivariate Statistics. New York: Harper & Row; 1989
Nurco, DN, Bonito, AT, Lerner, M, Baller, MB: Studying addicts over time: Methodology and preliminary findings. Am J Alc Abuse 1975; 2:107-121
Buss, AH, Durkee, A: An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. J Cons Psy 1957; 21:343-349
Zuckerman, M: Dimensions of sensation seeking. J Cons Clin Psy 1971; 36:45-52
Beck, AT, Rush, AJ, Shaw, BF, Emery, G: Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1970
Derogatis, LR, Lipman, RS, Rickels, K, Ullenhuth, EH, Covi, L: The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. Beh Sci 1974; 1:1-16
Hamilton, M: The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psy Ch 1959; 32:50-55
Wender, PH: Adult questionnaire—childhood characteristics scale. Psychopharm Bull 1985; 21:927-928
Weissman, MM, Bothwell, S: Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Arch Gen Psych 1976; 33:1111-1115
Annis, HM, Graham, MJ: Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation; 1985
Ashby, JS: Impact of contextual variables on adolescent situational expectation of substance abuse. J Drug Edu 1995; 25:11-22
Moeller, FG, Steinberg, JL, Petty, F, Fulton, M, Cherek, DR, Kramer, G, Garver, DL: Serotonin and impulsive/aggressive behavior in cocaine dependent subjects. Prog Neuro-Psych Bio Psych 1994; 18:1027-1035
Noble, EP, Blum, K, Khalsa, ME, Ritchie, T, Montgomery, A, Wood, RC, Fitch, RJ, Ozkoragoz, T, Sheridan, PJ, Anglin, MD, Paredes, A, Treiman, LJ, Sparkes, RS: Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with cocaine dependence. Drug Alc Dep 1993; 33:271-285
Compton, MA, Anglin, MD, Khalsa, ME, Paredes, A: The D2 dopamine receptor gene, addiction and personality: Clinical correlates in cocaine abusers. Biol Psych 1996; 39:302-304
Rao, S, Ziedonis, D, Kosten, TR: The pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence. Psych Ann 1995; 25:363-368
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Kasarabada, N.D., Anglin, M.D., Stark, E. et al. Cocaine, Crime, Family History of Deviance—Are Psychosocial Correlates Related to These Phenomena in Male Cocaine Abusers?. Subst Abus 21, 67–78 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007714911881
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007714911881