Abstract
Between September 1996 and May 1999, the incidence and distribution of the main human rotavirus G genotypes (VP7 associated: G1–G4) and P genotypes (VP4 associated: P[8], P[4], P[6] and P[9]) among children with rotavirus gastroenteritis were determined using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based genotyping methods. From a total of 145 rotavirus strains examined, we identified the G type in 131 (90.3%) and the P type in 127 (87.5%) of the samples. An overall predominance of genotypes P[8] G1 (42.7%) and P[8] G4 (32.4%) was found during the period of study, with much lower incidence of genotypes P[4] G2 (5.5%) and P[8] G3 (2%). P[6] and P[9] types were not detected, neither were unusual combinations of P and G types. A significant genotypic shift was observed: whereas P[8] G4 was the most prevalent genotype during the first year of the study (60%), the genotype P[8] G1 gradually increased to account for 62.3% of the strains analysed in the following winter season. Mixed G types revealing dual infections G1/G4 and G3/G4 were found at low frequency (2%).
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Kapikian AZ, Chanock RM. Rotaviruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DN, Howley PM, et al. (eds), Fields virology. Vol 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996: 1657–1708.
Midthun K, Kapikian AK. Rotavirus vaccines: An overview. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996; 9: 423–434.
CDC. Withdrawal of rotavirus vaccine recommendation. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999; 48: 1007.
Gouvea V, Glass RI, Woods P, et al. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 276–282.
Gentsch JR, Glass RI, Woods P, et al. Identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 1365–1373.
Hoshino Y, Kapikian AZ. Classification of rotavirus VP4 and VP7 serotypes. Arch Virol 1996; 12: 99–111.
Gentsch JR, Woods PA, Ramachandran M, et al. Review of G and P typing results from a global collection of rotavirus strains: Implications for vaccine development. J Infect Dis 1996; 174(Suppl. 1): S30–S36.
Bishop RF, Unicomb LE, Barnes GL. Epidemiology of rotavirus serotypes in Melbourne, Australia, from 1973 to 1989. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 862–868.
Noel JS, Beards GM, Cubitt WD. Epidemiological survey of human rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes in young children admitted to two children's hospitals in northeast London from 1984 to 1990. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2213–2219.
Maunula L, van Bonsdorff CH. Rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes in Finland from 1986 to 1990. Arch Virol 1995; 140: 877–890.
Leite JP, Alfieri AA, Woods P, Glass RI, Gentsch JR. Rotavirus G and P types circulating in Brazil: Characterization by RT-PCR, probe hybridization, and sequence analysis. Arch Virol 1996; 141: 2365–2374.
Cunliffe NA, Gondwe JS, Broadhead RL, et al. Rota-virus G and P types in children with acute diarrhea in Blantyre, Malawi, from 1997 to 1998: Predominance of novel P[6]G8 strains. J Med Virol 1999; 57: 308–312.
Ramachandran M, Das BK, Vij A, et al. Unusual diversity of human rotavirus G and P genotypes in India. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 436–439.
Ramachandran M, Gentsch JR, Parashar UD, et al. and the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System Collaborating Laboratories. Detection and characterization of novel rotavirus strains in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 3223–3229.
Estes MK. Rotaviruses and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DN, Howley PM, et al. (eds), Fields virology. Vol 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996: 1625–1655.
Buesa J, Colomina J, Raga J, Villanueva A, Prat J. Evaluation of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) for the detection of rotaviruses: Applications of the assay. Res Virol 1996; 147: 353–361.
Buesa FJ, Duato M, Gimeno C, García de Lomas J. Sequential variation in genomic RNA patterns of human rotaviruses isolated from infantile gastroenteritis. Ann Inst Pasteur/Virol 1987; 13: 307–314.
Herring AJ, Inglis NF, Ojeh CK, Snodgrass DR, Menzies JD. Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by direct detection of nucleic acid in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16: 473–477.
O'Mahony J, Foley B, Morgan S, Morgan JG, Hill C. VP4 and VP7 genotyping of rotavirus samples recovered from infected children in Ireland over a 3–year period. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1699–1703.
Visser LE, Cano Portero R, Gay NJ, Martínez Navarro JF. Impact of rotavirus disease in Spain: An esti-mate of hospital admissions due to rotavirus. Acta Paediatr 1999; 426(suppl): 72–77.
Buesa J, García-VerdÚ R, Ventura L. Subgrupos, serotipos y patrones electroforé ticos de ARN de rotavirus detectados durante 4 años en Valencia. Proceedings of the IV Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (SEI-MC), Madrid, Spain, 1990, abstract E2/2, p 350.
Cilla G, Gil A, López-Lopategui C, Iturzaeta A, Gutiérrez Z. Serotipos de rotavirus en Gipuzkoa: Análisis de 7 años. Proceedings of the VII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Microbiologí a y Enfermedades Infecciosas (SEIMC), Torremolinos (Má laga), Spain, 1996, abstract 5/7, p 36.
Koopmans M, Brown D. Seasonality and diversity of group A rotaviruses in Europe. Acta Paediatr 1999; 426(suppl): 14–19.
Arista S, Vizzi E, Ferraro D, Cascio A, Di Stefano R. Distribution of VP7 serotypes and VP4 genotypes among rotavirus strains recovered from Italian children with diarrhea. Arch Virol 1997; 142: 2065–2071.
Gault E, Chicki-Brachet R, Delon S, et al. Distribution of human rotavirus G types circulating in Paris, France, during the 1997–1998 epidemic: High prevalence of type G4. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 2373–2375.
Unicomb LE, Podder G, Gentsch JR, et al. Evidence of high-frequency genomic reassortment of group A rotavirus strains in Bangladesh: Emergence of type G9 in 1995. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1885–1891.
Iturriza-Gómara M, Green J, Brown DWG, Desselberger U, Gray JJ. Diversity within the VP4 gene of rotavirus P[8] strains: Implications for reverse transcription-PCR genotyping. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 898–901.
Adah MI, Rohwedder A, Olaleyle OD, Werchau H. Nigerian rotavirus serotype G8 could not be typed 505 by PCR due to nucleotide mutation at the 3¢end of the primer binding site. Arch Virol 1997; 142: 1881–1887.
Masendycz PJ, Palombo EA, Gorrell RJ, Bishop R. Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, PCR, and type-specific cDNA probe techniques for identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types (P types). J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 3104–3108.
Iturriza-Gómara M, Green J, Brown DWG, Desselberger U, Gray JJ. Comparison of specific and random priming in the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genotyping group A rotavirus. J Virol Methods 1999; 78: 93–103.
Sanders RC. Molecular epidemiology of human rota-virus infections. Eur J Epidemiol 1985; 1: 19–32.
Zao C-L, Yu W-N, Kao C-L, Taniguchi K, Lee C-Y, Lee CN. Sequence analysis of VP1 and VP7 genes suggests occurrence of a reassortant of G2 rotavirus responsible for an epidemic of gastroenteritis. J Gen Virol 1999; 80: 1407–1415.
Clarke IN, McCrae MA. Structural analysis of electrophoretic variation in the genome profiles of rotavirus field isolates. Infect Immun 1982; 36: 492–497.
Husain M, Seth P, Dar L, Broor S. Classification of rotavirus into G and P types with specimens from children with acute diarrhea in New Delhi, India. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 1592–1594.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Buesa, J., de Souza, C., Asensi, M. et al. VP7 and VP4 genotypes among rotavirus strains recovered from children with gastroenteritis over a 3-year period in Valencia, Spain. Eur J Epidemiol 16, 501–506 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007618215377
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007618215377