Abstract
An experimental investigation was undertaken to characterize the dynamic fracture characteristics of 2024-T3 aluminum thin sheets ranging in thickness from 1.63–2.54 mm. Specifically, the critical dynamic stress intensity factor Kdc was determined over a wide range of loading rates ( expressed as the time rate of change of the stress intensity factor KdI ) using both a servo- hydraulic loading frame and a split Hopkinson bar in tension. In addition, the dynamic crack propagation toughness, KD, was measured as a function of crack tip speed using high sensitivity strain gages. A dramatic increase in both Kdc and KD was observed with increasing loading rate and crack tip speed, respectively. These relations were found to be independent of specimen thickness over the range of 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Anderson, T.L. (1991). Fracture Mechanics, CRC Press, Boston.
Barnes, J. and Peters, R.L. (1992). The challenge of commercial aircraft survivability. In Aerospace America pp. 55–56.
Dally, J.W. (1979). Dynamic photoelastic studies of fracture. Experimental Mechanics 19, 349–367.
Dally, J.W. and Berger, J.R. (1993). The role electrical resistance strain gages in fracture research. In ExperimentalTechniques in Fracture (Edited by J.S. Epstein), VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1–39.
Deng, X. and Rosakis, A.J. (1991). Dynamic crack propagation in elastic-perfectly plastic solids under plane stress conditions. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 39, 683–722.
Deng, X. and Rosakis, A.J. (1992a). A finite element investigation of quasi-static and dynamic asymptotic crack tip fields in hardening elastic-plastic solids under plane stress - I. Crack growth in linear hardening materials. International Journal of Fracture 57, 291–308.
Deng, X. and Rosakis, A.J. (1992b). A finite element investigation of quasi-static and dynamic asymptotic crack tip fields in hardening elastic-plastic solids under plane stress - II. Crack growth in power-law hardening materials. International Journal of Fracture 58, 137–156.
Freund, L.B. and Clifton, R. (1974). On the uniqueness of plane elastodynamic solutions for running cracks. Journal of Elasticity 4, 293–299.
Freund, L.B. and Douglas, A.S. (1982). The influence of inertia on elastic-plastic antiplane shear crack growth. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 30, 59–74.
Freund, L.B., Duffy, J. and Rosakis, A.J. (1981). Dynamic fracture initiation in metals and preliminary results on the method of caustics for crack propagation measurements. ASME Paper No. 81–PVP-15.
Freund, L.B. (1990). Dynamic Fracture Mechanics, Cambridge University Press.
Irwin, G.R. (1962). Crack extension force for a part-through crack in a plate. Journal of Applied Mechanics 29, 651–654.
Kamoulakos, A., Chen, V.L., Mestreau, E. and Lohner, R. (1996). Finite element modelling of structure/fluid interaction in explosively loaded aircraft fuselage panels using pamshock/pamflow coupling. Presented at the Conference on Spacecraft Structures, Materials and Mechanical Testing, ESA/CNES/DARA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Kanninen, M.F. and Popelar, C.H. (1985). Advanced Fracture Mechanics, Oxford University Press, New York.
Kanninen, M.F. and O'Donoghue, P.E. (1995). Research challenges arising from current and potential applications of dynamic fracture mechanics to the integrity of engineering structures. International Journal of Solids andStructures 32, 2423–2445.
Kosai, M. and Kobayashi, A.S. (1991). Axial crack propagation and arrest in pressurized fuselage. In StructuralIntegrity of Aging Airplanes (Edited by S.N. Atluri, S.G. Sampath and P. Tong) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 225–239.
Kosai, M., Shimamoto, A., Yu, C.-T., Kobayashi, A.S. and Tan, P. (1996). A biaxial test specimen for crack arrest studies. Experimental Mechanics 36, 277–283.
Lam, P.S. and Freund, L.B. (1985). Analysis of dynamic growth of a tensile crack in an elastic-plastic material. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 33, 153–167.
Liu, C., Knauss, W.G. and Rosakis, A.J. (1998). Loading rates and the dynamic initiation toughness in brittle solids, this issue, pp. 103–118.
Maigre, H. and Rittel, D. (1995). Dynamic fracture detection using the force-displacement reciprocity: application to the compact compression specimen. International Journal of Fracture 73, 67–79.
Meyers, M.A. (1994). Dynamic Behavior of Materials, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Ravi-Chandar, K. and Knauss, W.G. (1984). An experimental investigation into dynamic fracture: (i) crack initiation and arrest. International Journal of Fracture 25, 247–262.
Rittel, D. and Maigre, H. (1996a). A study of mixed-mode dynamic crack initiation in PMMA. MechanicsResearch Communications 23, 475–481.
Rittel, D. and Maigre, H. (1996b). An investigation of dynamic crack initiation in PMMA. Mechanics of Materials 23, 229–239.
Rosakis, A.J., Duffy, J. and Freund, L.B. (1984). The determination of the dynamic fracture toughness of AISI 4340 steel by the shadow spot method. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 34, 443–460.
Shih, C.F. (1981). Relationships between the J-integral and the crack opening displacement for stationary and extending cracks. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 29, 305–326.
Shih, C.F. (1983). Tables of Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren singular field quantities.
Shimamoto, A., Kosai, M. and Kobayashi, A.S. (1994). Crack arrest at a tear strap under mixed mode loading. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 47, 59–74.
Tong, W. and Ravichandran, G. (1995). Inertia effects on void growth in viscoplastic materials. Journal of AppliedMechanics 62, 633–639.
U.K. Accidents Investigation Branch, (1990). Report on the accident to Boeing 747–121–W739PA at Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, Scotland on 21 December 1988. Aircraft Accident Report 2/90, HMSO, London.
Wilson, M.L., Hawley, R.H. and Duffy, J. (1980). The effect of loading rate and temperature on fracture initiation in 1020 hot-rolled steel. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 13, 371–385.
Zehnder, A.T. and Rosakis, A.J. (1990). Dynamic fracture initiation and propagation in 4340 steel under impact loading. International Journal of Fracture 43, 271–285.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Owen, D., Zhuang, S., Rosakis, A. et al. Experimental Determination of Dynamic Crack Initiation and Propagation Fracture Toughness in Thin Aluminum Sheets. International Journal of Fracture 90, 153–174 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007439301360
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007439301360
- Fracture
- dynamic crack initiation
- thin