Abstract
Correlations between the impairments of higher cortical functions (assessed by clinical scores and neuropsychological tests) and multichannel EEG spectra were analyzed in elderly patients with mild dementia and children with cognitive problems. A decrease in the regional cerebral blood flow, an imbalance between neocortical and limbic structures, and a lack of inhibitory influences from the frontal cortex are discussed as probable causes of these brain functional disorders associated with a “slow sensorimotor rhythm.”
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Mundy-Castle, A.C., Hurst, L.A., Beerstecher, D.M., and Prinseloo, T., The Electroencephalogram in Senile Psychosis, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1954, vol. 6, pp. 245–252.
Cohen, L.A., Danziger, W.L., and Berg, L., Frequency Analysis of Resting Awake EEG in Mild Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1983, vol. 55, pp. 372–380.
Duffy, F.H., Albert, M.S., and McAnulty, G., Brain Electrical Activity in Patients with Presenile and Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type, Ann. Neurol., 1984, vol. 16, pp. 39–48.
Sheridan, P.H., Sato, S., Foster, N., et al., Relation of EEG α Background to Parietal Lobe Function in Alzheimer's Disease As Measured by Positron Emission Tomography and Psychometry, Neurology, 1988, vol. 38, pp. 747–750.
Maurer, K., Topography of EEG and Evoked Potentials in Dementia before and under Treatment with Encephalotropics, Maurer, K. and Wurtman, R.J., Eds., Organic Brain Disorders, Braunschweig, 1989, pp. 27–36.
Iznak, A.F. and Chayanov, N.V., EEG Mapping in Elderly Patients with Various Types of Dementia, Proc. of the 1st ISBET Congress, Osaka (Japan), 1990, p. 67.
Iznak, A.F., Chayanov, N.V., Gavrilova, S.I., et al., EEG Mapping in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type, Dementia, 1992, vol. 3, pp. 44–46.
Giannitrapani, D., Collins, J., and Vassiliadis, D., The EEG Spectra in Alzheimer's Disease, Int. J. Psychophysiol., 1991, vol. 10, pp. 259–269.
Soininen, H., Reinikainen, K., Partanen, J., et al., Slowing of the Dominant Occipital Rhythm in Electroencephalogram Is Associated with Low Concentration of Noradrenaline in the Thalamus in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosci. Lett., 1992, vol. 137, pp. 5–8.
Dierks, T., Frolich, L., Ihl, R., and Maurer, K., Correlation Between Cognitive Brain Function and Electrical Brain Activity in Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, J. Neural Transm.: Gen. Sect., 1995, vol. 99, pp. 55–62.
Anderer, P., Saletu, B., Kloppel, B., et al., Discrimination Between Demented Patients and Normals Based on Topographic EEG Slow Wave Activity: Comparison Between z-Statistics, Discriminant Analysis, and Artifi-cial Neural Network Classifiers, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1994, vol. 91, pp. 108–117.
Elmstahl, S., Rosen, I., and Gullberg, B., Quantitative EEG in Elderly Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Controls, Dementia, 1994, vol. 5, pp. 119–124.
Miyauchi, T., Hagimoto, H., Ishii, M., et al., Quantitative EEG in Patients with Presenile and Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type, Acta Neurol. Scand., 1994, vol. 89, pp. 56–64.
Prichep, L., John, E.R., Ferris, S.H., et al., Quantitative EEG Correlates of Cognitive Deterioration in the Elderly, Neurobiol. Aging, 1994, vol. 15, pp. 85–90.
Schreiter-Gasser, U., Gasser, T., and Ziegler, P., Quantitative EEG Analysis in Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Controlled Study, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, vol. 85, pp. 15–22.
Kolykhalov, I., Iznak, A., Gavrilova, S., et al., EEG Mapping in Differential Diagnosis of Mild Dementia, Eur. Psychiatry, 1997, vol. 12, pp. 211.
Pozzi, D., Petracchi, M., Sabe, L., et al., Quantified Electroencephalographic Correlates of Neuropsychological Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease, J. Neuropsychiat. Clin. Neurosci., 1995, vol. 7, pp. 61–67.
John, E.R., The Role of Quantitative EEG Topographic Mapping or “Neurometrics” in the Diagnosis of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: The Pros, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1989, vol. 73, pp. 2–4.
Jordan, S.E., Nowacki, R., and Nuwer, M., Computerized Electroencephalography in the Evaluation of Early Dementia, Brain Topography, 1989, vol. 1, pp. 71–282.
Leuchter, A., Walter, D., and Weiner, H., Differential Diagnosis of Dementia Using Topographic Electroencephalography, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1989, vol. 72, pp. 3–17.
Horie, T., Koshino, Y., Murata, T., et al., EEG Analysis in Patients with Senile Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease, Jpn. J. Psychiatr. Neurol., 1990, vol. 44, pp. 91–98.
Szelies, B., Mielke, R., Herholz, K., and Heiss, W.D., Quantitative Topographical EEG Compared to FDG PET for Classification of Vascular and Degenerative Dementia, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1994, vol. 91, pp. 131–139.
Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., and McHugh, P.R., Minimental State: A Practical Method for Grading the Cognitive State of Patients for the Clinician, J. Psychiat. Res., 1975, vol. 12, pp. 189–198.
World Health Organization (WHO) The ICD-10; Classi-fication of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines, Geneva: WHO, 1992.
Mckhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M.F., et al., Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Report of NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under Auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease, Neurology, 1984, vol. 34, pp. 939–944.
Roman, G.C. and Goldstein, M., A Population-Based Study of Dementia in 85–Year-Olds, N. Engl. J. Med., 1993, vol. 1, pp. 113–116.
Luria, A.R., Osnovy neiropsikhologii (Principles of Neuropsychology), Moscow: Moscow Gos. Univ., 1973.
Jasper, H.H., The Ten-Twenty System, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1958, vol. 10, pp. 371–375.
Chayanov, N.V., Iznak, A.F., Monosova, A.J., et al., Interactive Software for Event-Related EEG/EP Analysis, Proc. of International EEG-EP Mapping Meeting, Warsaw (Poland), March 5–6, 1993.
Dixon, A., BMDP, Los Angeles: Univ. California at Los Angeles Press, 1985.
Korsakova, N.L. and Moskovichiute, L.I., Podkorkovye struktury mozga i myslitel'nye protsessy (Subcortical Brain Structures and Mental Processes), Moscow: Moscow Gos. Univ., 1985.
Gavrilova, S.I., Korsakova, N.K., Vavilov, S.B., et al., On the Clinical Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's-Type Dementia, Zh. Nevropatol. Psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova, 1990, vol. 90, pp. 44–50.
Gavrilova, S.I., Seleznyova, N.D., Iznak, A.F., et al., Clinical Differentiation of Alzheimer's Type Dementia and Comparative Effects of Therapy, Advances in the Biosciences: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, 1993, vol. 87, pp. 35–38.
Mendez, M.F., Mendez, M.A., and Martin, R., Complex Visual Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease, Neurology, 1990, vol. 40, pp. 439–443.
Roshchina, I.F., Neuropsychological Studies of Senile Dementia, Problemy gerontopsikhiatrii (Aspects of Gerontopsychiatry), Moscow, NTsPZ RAMN, 1991, vol. 6, pp. 111–115.
Gorbachevskaya, N.L., Yakupova, L.P., Kozhoushko, L.F., and Simernitskaya, E.G., Neurobiological Basis for School Disadaptation, Fiziol. Chel., 1991, vol. 17, pp. 72–80.
Bashina, V.M., Autizm v detstve (Childhood Autism), Moscow: Meditsina, 1999.
Bashina, V.M., Gorbachevskaya, N.L., Simashkova, N.V., et al., Clinical, Neurophysiological, and Differential Diagnostic Aspects of the Study of Severe Forms of Early Childhood Autism, Zh. Nevropatol. Psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova, 1994, vol. 94, pp. 68–71.
Gorbachevskaya, N.L., Zavadenko, N.N., Yakupova, L.P., et al., Electroencephalographic Study of Child Hyperactivity, Fiziol. Chel., 1996, vol. 22, pp. 49–56.
Niedermeyer, E., Naidu, S., and Plate, C., Unusual EEG θ Rhythms over Central Region in Rett's Syndrome: Considerations of the Underlying Dysfunction, Clin. Electroencephalogr., 1997, vol. 28, pp. 36–43.
Iznak, A.F. and Gussel'nikov, V.I., Rhythmic Activity in Visual Sensory System, Usp. Fiziol. Nauk, 1984, vol. 15, pp. 3–27.
Iznak, A.F., Functional Significance of α -like Brain Activity, Doctoral (Biology) Dissertation, Moscow: Moscow State Univ., 1988.
Iznak, A.F., Modulation of Human Sensorimotor Activity during EEG α Rhythm, Proc. Russian Acad. Med. Sci. Mental Health Res. Center, 1989, vol. 5, pp. 3–24.
Steriade, M., Gloor, P., Llinas, R.R., et al., Basic Mechanisms of Cerebral Rhythmic Activities, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1990, vol. 76, pp. 481–508.
Nagata, K., Topographic EEG Mapping in Cerebrovascular Disease, Brain Topography, 1989, vol. 2, nos. 1–2, p. 119.
Geaney, D.P., Soper, N., Shepstone, B.J., and Cowen, P.J., Effect of Central Cholinergic Stimulation on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Disease, Lancet, 1990, vol. 335, pp. 1484–1487.
Sloan, E.P., Fenton, G.W., Kennedy, N.S.J., and Maclennan, J.M., Neurophysiology and SPECT Cerebral Blood Flow Patterns in Dementia, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1994, vol. 91, pp. 163–170.
Politoff, A.L., Monson, N., Hass, P., and Stadter, R., Decreased α Bandwidth Responsiveness to Photic Driving in Alzheimer's Disease, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1992, vol. 82, pp. 45–52.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Iznak, A.F., Zhigul'skaya, S.E., Gorbachevskaya, N.L. et al. EEG Correlates of Mild Impairments of Higher Cortical Functions. Human Physiology 27, 1–8 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007142921102
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007142921102